“伪《古文尚书》案”平议

《尚书》是儒家六经之一。但从宋代吴棫、朱熹等学者怀疑传世本《古文尚书》为伪书以来,历代学者围绕这部《古文尚书》的真、伪问题一直聚讼纷纭。清代阎若璩作《古文尚书疏证》之后,经过四库馆臣及后世一些疑古派学者的大力推阐,阎氏把传世本《古文尚书》判定为伪书的观点几乎被清代与近现代学术界视为定谳。到上世纪末,随着我国学术界的思想解放和学术视野的开阔,随着郭店战国楚墓竹简的出土和上海博物馆藏《战国楚竹书》的问世,人们对传世本《古文尚书》的真伪问题进行了新的审视和研究。这些新的研究成果证明阎若璩论证传世本《古文尚书》为伪书的方法和结论在学理和逻辑上均存在漏洞和软肋,从而使阎氏的结论发生了动摇。虽然目前彻底推翻阎氏的结论为时尚早,但起码说明阎氏的结论远非定论,是可以继续探讨的。     

陕西长安南礼王村出土壁画的微生物类群鉴定

对陕西长安南礼王村出土壁画的微生物进行了初步分析鉴定,结果表明细菌、霉菌数量几乎各半,放线菌一种。主要微生物类群为霉菌类8个;细菌类群7个,一种链霉菌。     

鄂尔泰对西南地区“汉奸”的认识及治理

鄂尔泰的西南治理对象,除了少数民族土司与普通民众外,还有一个特殊群体——“汉奸”。由于“汉奸”既威胁到清政府在西南地区的统治深入,也暴露了西南地区特别是贵州地区吏治的松弛,鄂尔泰在雍正帝的支持下对其进行了两次集中打击。同时,鄂尔泰企图通过实行“民族隔离”政策,在贵州苗疆地区杜绝“汉奸”的进入,但是这种极端做法不仅没有消灭“汉奸”。而且影响了民族之间的正常交往。     

Applications of integrated geophysical method in archaeological surveys of the ancient Shu ruins

The Jinsha site is one set of excavated ruins of the ancient Shu state, late Neolithic, early Bronze Age. The archaeological survey of the site is especially important for study of Shu culture, because there is hardly any written record of this period. As technology progresses, more and more advanced techniques and equipment have been used to conduct archaeological surveys. In this study, four nondestructive methods of geophysical detection were used to locate ancient relics at the site. The validity of these different types of archaeological detection methods (method of high-density resistivity, induced polarization, multi-frequency electromagnetic, ground-penetrating radar and so on) and techniques were analyzed. And a multi-scale, multi-method detection system to non-destructive detection of cultural relics was established.     

A Socio‐Geographic Perspective on Human Activities in Social Media

Location‐based social media make it possible to understand social and geographic aspects of human activities. However, previous studies have mostly examined these two aspects separately without looking at how they are linked. The study aims to connect two aspects by investigating whether there is any correlation between social connections and users' check‐in locations from a socio‐geographic perspective. We constructed three types of networks: a people–people network, a location–location network, and a city–city network from former location‐based social media Brightkite and Gowalla in the U.S., based on users' check‐in locations and their friendships. We adopted some complexity science methods such as power‐law detection and head/tail breaks classification method for analysis and visualization. Head/tail breaks recursively partitions data into a few large things in the head and many small things in the tail. By analyzing check‐in locations, we found that users' check‐in patterns are heterogeneous at both the individual and collective levels. We also discovered that users' first or most frequent check‐in locations can be the representatives of users' spatial information. The constructed networks based on these locations are very heterogeneous, as indicated by the high ht‐index. Most importantly, the node degree of the networks correlates highly with the population at locations (mostly with R² being 0.7) or cities (above 0.9). This correlation indicates that the geographic distributions of the social media users relate highly to their online social connections.     

山东青州龙兴寺部分北齐佛造像石材及朱砂颜料分析研究

山东青州龙兴寺窖藏佛教造像出土于1996年,造像雕刻技艺精湛,数量多,贴金彩绘丰富,展现出一种特殊的佛教造像艺术特征。一些佛像由于长期掩埋和历史上遭到破坏,彩绘发生了褪色、变薄、起翘等现象。为了弄清佛造像彩绘颜料和结构,本研究采用三维视频显微镜、显微拉曼光谱分析、扫描电镜-能谱、偏光显微镜等仪器分析颜料的结构和化学组成。分析结果表明,龙兴寺佛造像红色颜料为辰砂(Hg S)与铅白(2PbCO_3Pb(OH)_2)混用;地子主要为铅白,经过对该批出土佛造像残碎的石块做薄片处理做偏光显微分析,得到造像石材的主要矿相为含菱铁矿、生物碎屑、白云石的泥晶灰岩(灰岩即石灰石)。     

内藤湖南“唐宋史学变革”说阐微

内藤湖南发现唐宋之间的中国史学发生了重大变革:史学风尚由推崇客观精神转为注重主体意识,并由此引发了史书编纂由崇尚赅博到注重深识、史文义法由崇尚骈文到注重古文、史料处理由崇尚照录到注重别裁、史学批评由左道末流到蔚然成风、史书注疏由忠实原著到借题发挥等一系列变化。伴随史学精神的变迁,这一时期的史学发展呈现多元化、学理化、体制化的特点。唐初史馆实行的众人分纂法造成了"传统史法"弱化,"一家著述"消退,史家主体意识沉沦。宋代虽一度出现"传统史法"复归的现象,但终究未能阻遏史学变迁大势,反映出这一趋势的不可抗拒性和不可逆转性。内藤湖南在阐发"唐宋史学变革"说时以"会通"为理念,以"明变"为旨趣,运用联系的方法,从经典史籍、关键史家着手,采用不拘学理的方式,将自己的研究活动视为史学史的一部分,具有重要的方法论意义。     

纸质文物的热裂解气相色谱-质谱应用研究

对纸质文物的科学认知是保护这类珍贵文化遗产的关键。本研究将热裂解气相色谱-质谱(Py-GC/MS)技术应用到中国传统的四类典型手工纸(竹纸、麻纸、桑皮纸和构皮纸)的分析中,结果表明竹纸中苯酚类物质含量较高,桑皮纸和构皮纸中含有大分子三萜类特征物(如β-香树脂醇、α-香树脂醇和豆甾-3,5-二烯等物质),而麻纸中则无此类特征物——利用这些特征化合物可以区分竹纸、麻纸和桑皮/构皮纸。将这一成果应用到一副清代蜡笺纸对联的分析中：确定了该书法用纸为皮纸(桑皮纸或构皮纸);检测出长链脂肪酸和醇类物质,表明蜡笺纸的制作使用了蜂蜡;检测出吡咯及其衍生物,表明该书法蜡笺纸装裱时所用的胶结材料为动物胶;另外检测到了生物碱类物质,表明该蜡笺纸使用了植物染料。综合以上研究表明,Py-GC/MS方法不仅能够确定中国传统纸质文物的纤维来源,同时可以确定纸质文物上蜡、胶结物及染料等信息;结合传统的赫兹伯格(Herzberg)染色法,进一步确定了皮纸的具体种类。蜡笺纸文物材料信息的检测识别可为文物保护与修复工作提供科学依据,此研究方法为纸质文物的科学认知提供新思路。     

经济发展与住宅市场异速增长时空格局及其形成机理——以长三角地区为例

住宅具有重要的社会稳定功能,其市场发展状况与经济增长关系是实现城市更高质量发展和畅通国内大循环的关键。本文以GDP表征经济发展,住宅价格和租金表征住宅市场发展状况,利用空间变差函数、异速增长模型和增强回归树模型探究2008—2018年长三角地区三者的时空格局及演化机理。研究表明：(1)长三角地区城市经济规模、住宅价格和住宅租金空间格局具有较强的稳定性,呈现出“一极多核”形态。(2)在纵向和横向异速上,经济规模—住宅价格、经济规模—住宅租金均以负异速增长为主,前者异速增长系数多高于后者。(3)在影响三者异速增长的因素中,科技发展水平、财政投入水平、城市人口规模、设施供给水平、产业发展水平和城乡收入差距是经济规模与住宅市场异速增长的主导因素;经济、人口、社会和行政等因素影响的差异性,在预期因素的催化下,使经济规模—住宅价格异速增长高于经济规模—住宅租金。