Reflections on War and Peace

Suganami, Hidemi, On the Causes of War
Kagan, Donald, On the Origins of War and the Preservation of Peace     

NEW COMPETITION IN SHOPPING-CENTER HIERARCHIES: AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE SPECIFICATIONS*

ABSTRACT. Within the framework of an existing hierarchy of shopping centers, Voronoi diagrams at each level of the hierarchy are used to define infringement on existing centers by new entrants. We distinguish four intensities of infringement—that is, four categorizations of when existing centers face new competition—and label shopping centers accordingly. Our aim is to determine empirically which type of new competition is best explained by various attributes of the incumbent centers. To accomplish this, logit analysis is used to relate the above labels to market-area population, store turnover, age, and hierarchical level of each shopping center in Edmonton, Alberta.     

A 14th-century vessel from Immenstaad (Lake Constance, southern Germany)

The following article provides a preview of a recent find from the Bodensee (Lake Constance). It can be dated dendrochromologically to the second quarter of the 14th century and is to date the only material evidence, for Medieval shipping on Lake Constance^[1]. A final publication is currently in preparation .