‘Never a Machine for Propaganda’? The Australian-American Fulbright Program and Australia's Cold War

Abstract

Some overlap in personnel between the Australian-American Fulbright board and those advising Menzies on anti-communist legislation and the 1951 referendum, including former Chief Justice J. G. Latham, raises questions about the politicisation of the Fulbright program over this period. A careful reconstruction of the Australian scheme's founding years reveals, however, that the program resisted becoming a simple instrument of Cold War foreign policy. This was thanks to careful groundwork laid by Evatt's Department of External Affairs, ensuring a measure of independence to the Australian board, and board member Latham's strategic defence of the program's educational goals when pressures were felt.     

Women's paid work and moral economies of care

Female labour force participation has been increasing in recent decades, in part encouraged by state policies to raise the employment rate to encourage economic competitiveness and combat social exclusion. Social provision for care, however, has lagged behind this increase, creating practical and moral dilemmas for individuals and for society, facing parents with complex choices about how to combine work and care. In this paper, we draw on a qualitative study in London to explore the extent to which the large-scale entry of women into waged work is altering women's understandings of their duties and responsibilities to care for others. We conclude that their decisions are influenced by class position, entrenched gender inequalities in the labour market, varying abilities to pay for care and complex gendered understandings of caring responsibilities.     

‘Working for’ and ‘Working’ among Western Arrernte in Central Australia1

This article discusses some conflicts between kin‐ and market‐based society as they are reflected in the lives of Western Arrernte in and around Ntaria (Hermannsburg). Both political economy and cultural analysis provide accounts of concomitant ‘problems about work’ and training initiatives in remote communities. Neither brings together, however, the issues of economic marginalisation and a history of cultural difference with its own transformations. This discussion takes its departure from the Arrernte's attempts to reconcile kinship service (‘working for’) and paid employment (‘working’) in everyday practice. It demonstrates that this attempt is part of broader change concerning the ways in which hunter‐gatherer people in Australia have been compelled to adapt to a world of cash and commodities, and waged employment. In this discussion, the focus is on remote indigenous Australians today.     

Book reviews

Brian Girvin (ed.). The Transformation of Contemporary Conservatism. London: Sage Publications, 1988. 232pp. $10.95.

Ingrid Detter DeLupis. The Law of War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. xx + 411pp. $54.00.

Martin Shaw (ed.). War, State and Society. London: Macmillan, 1984. viii + 266pp. No price given.

Denis de Rougemont (translated by Anthony J.C. Kerr). The Future is Within Us. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1983. v + 244pp. No price given.

David Goldsworthy (ed.). Development Studies In Australia: Themes and Issues. Melbourne: Monash University, Development Studies Centre, Monograph No. 1, 1988. 203pp. $10.00.

Martin Walker. The Waking Giant: The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev. London: Abacus Books, 1987. xxvii + 315pp. $16.95.

Andrew Farran. Changing Directions in the Soviet Union?: Perestroika, Glasnost ... and Australia ?with particular reference to the Soviet Far East. Canberra: The Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1988. iv + 24pp. $6.00.

Eberhard Kolb (translated by P.S. Falla). The Weimar Republic. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988. xi + 237pp. $27.95.

Ian S. Lustick. For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988. xi + 244pp. $11.95

Michael Mandelbaum. Israel and the Occupied Territories: A Personal Report on the Uprising. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988. 20pp. No price given.

Robert A. Scalapino and Masataka Kosaka. Peace, Politics and Economics in Asia. London and Washington: Pergamon‐Brassey's, 1988. xiv + 209pp. No price given.

Hal Hill. Foreign Investment and Industrialisation in Indonesia. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1988. xxi + 179pp. No price given.

Chelvadurai Manogaran. Ethnic Conflict and Reconcilitation in Sri Lanka. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987. xiv + 232pp. $US22.00.

C.K. Brown (ed.). Rural Development in Ghana. Accra: Ghana Universities Press, 1986. xii + 325pp. No price given.

Helen Fraser. New Caledonia: Anti‐Colonialism in a Pacific Territory. Peace Research Centre Monograph No. 2, Australian National University, 1988. 88pp. $10.00.

Susan K. Purcell (ed.). Mexico in Transition: Implications for U.S. Policy. Essays from Both Sides of the Border. New York: The Council on Foreign Relations, 1988. viii + 156pp. $US9.95.

James Ferguson, Papa Doc. Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers. Oxford, Basil Blackwell Inc., 1987. xi + 164pp. $39.95.     

Booknotes

Ronald Mendelsohn (ed.), Finance of Old Age, Canberra, Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations, Australian National University, 1986, pp.366. $ 15.00 (paper).

Parliament of Victoria, Victorian Parliamentary Handbook, Number 3, Melbourne, 1986, pp. 95 + ix, Maps and Illustrations. $ 15.00 (paper).     

Book reviews

Glen St J. Barclay. A Very Small Insurance Policy. The Politics of Australian Involvement in Vietnam. 1954–1967. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1988. 199pp. No price given.

Robert J. Cooksey. Review of Australia's Defence Exports and Defence Industry. Report to the Minister for Defence. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1986. x + 569pp. No price given.

Ernest McNamara, Robin Ward, Desmond Ball, J. O. Langtry and Richard Q. Agnew. Australia's Defence Resources: a compendium of data. Sydney. Pergamon Press Australia, 1986. 186pp. $ 16.

Jacob Bercovitch. Social Conflicts and Third Parties: Strategies of Conflict Resolution. Boulder. Westview Press, 1984. xv + 163pp. $US23.50.

Norman P. Barry. The New Right. London, New York and Sydney. Croom Helm, 1987. 205pp. $87.95.

Douglas E. Ashford. The Emergence of the Welfare States. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986. x+352pp. $87.50.

J.B. Ghartey. Crisis Accountability and Development in the Third World. The Case of Africa. Aldershot: Avebury, 1987. x + 170pp. $34.50.

Jan‐Erik Lane and Svante O. Ersonn. Politics and Society in Western Europe. London: Sage Publications, 1987. x + 370pp. £20.00 (cloth), £7.50 (paper).

John Toye. Dilemmas of Development: Reflections on the Counter‐Revolution in Development Theory and Policy. Oxford: Basil Black‐well, 1987. ix+ 177pp. $29.95.

Eva Kolinsky. Opposition in Western Europe. London and Sydney: Croom and Helm, 1987. 400pp. £29.95.

Allen Lynch. The Soviet Study of International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. xii+ 197pp. $90.00.

Uri Ra'anan, Francis Fukuyama, Mark Falcoff, Sam C. Sarkesian and Richard H. Shultz, Jr.. Third World Marxist‐Leninist Regimes: Strengths, Vulnerabilities, and U.S. Policy. Washington, D.C: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Inc., Pergamon‐Brassey's, 1985. xv + 130pp. No price given.

Helene Carrere d'Encausse. Big Brother: The Soviet Union and Soviet Europe. Translated by George Holoch. New York and London: Holmes and Meier, 1987. xii+332pp. $39.50 (cloth), $US24.50 (paper).

Ferenc Feher, Agnes Heller and Gyorgy Markus. Dictatorship Over Needs: An Analysis of Soviet Societies. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984. xii+312pp. $62.00 (cloth), $ 18.95 (paper).

Bruno Rizzi. The Bureaucratization of the World. The USSR: Bureaucratic Collectivism. London and New York: Tavistock Publications, 1985. viii +111 pp. No price given.

Stephen Fortescue. The Communist Party and Soviet Science. London: Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Birmingham/Macmillan, 1986. x+ 234pp. $77.00.

Colin Mackerras and Nick Knight (eds). Marxism In Asia. London & Sydney. Croom Helm, 1985. 297pp. £22.50.

Harry Harding. China's Second Revolution: Reform After Mao, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1987. xx + 369pp. $US32.95 (cloth), $US12.95 (paper).

Jim Masselos (ed.). Struggling and Ruling: The Indian National Congress 1885–1985. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Limited, 1987. 224pp. Rs. 150.00.

Lawrence B. Krause, Koh Ai Tee and Lee (Tsao) Yuan. The Singapore Economy Reconsidered. Singapore: The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1987. 230pp. $S38.50 (cloth) $19.90 (paper).

Raj Vasil. Governing Singapore: Interviews with the new leaders. Singapore and Kuala Lumpur: Times Books International, 1980 (Revised Edition 1988). 247pp. $S28.50.

Martin Stuart‐Fox. Laos: Politics, Economics and Society. London: Francis Pinter, Boulder. Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc., 1986. xxiv +220pp. £22.50 (cloth), £7.95 (paper).

United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations. Transnational Corporations and the Electronics Industries oj ASEAN Economics. New York: ESCAP/UNCTC Joint Unit on Transnational Corporations, 1987. v+49pp. $7.50.

Stewart Firth. Nuclear Playground. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1987. xii +176pp. $14.95.

Lars Schoultz. National Security and United States Policy towards Latin America. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987. 337pp. $US42.50 (cloth), $US12.95 (paper).

Rose J. Spalding (ed.). The Political Economy of Revolutionary Nicaragua. Sydney. Allen and Unwin, 1987. 255pp. $87.50 (cloth), $34.95 (paper).

Abby L. Bloom (ed.). Primary Health Care. Australian Council for Overseas Aid, Development Dossier No. 20. Canberra: ACFOA, 1987.iv+80pp.$5.00.     

Daughters,Decisions and Domination: An Empirical and Conceptual Critique of Household Strategies

This article focuses upon the decision-making process in the household with regard to young women and factory employment in Java and Taiwan, and critically examines to what extent these processes reflect household strategies. While Javanese daughters may seek factory employment against parents' wishes, Taiwanese daughters may be obliged to submit to parental decisions and work for years in order to contribute income. The concept of ‘household strategies’, however, inadequately describes both situations, masking relations of power, resistance and inequality within the household. The assumptions underlying the concept of household strategies and their broader analytical implications are explored, leading to the conclusion that a more differentiated view of the household is needed, taking power relations and struggles between genders and generations into account.     

Notice

The Imagination of Reality: Essays in Southeast Asian Coherence Systems. A. L. Becker and A. A. Yengoyan (eds). New Jersey. Ablex Publishing Company. 1979. Pp. XIII + 336.     

Old guard versus new partisans: Think tanks in transition

Over the past two decades there has been considerable growth of think tanks not only in the United States, but also in Britain and Australia. The new breed operates in a markedly different style from the older institutions which were more inclined toward disinterested policy research. Today, policy institutes are more likely to be engaged in the ideologically partisan marketing of ideas. This paper classifies independent public policy institutes in order to assess their differing features across political systems and over time. It also proposes a number of avenues for further analysis of what is an underdeveloped field of study.