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61.
Domestication is an ongoing co-evolutionary process rather than an event or invention. Recent zooarchaeological and animal
genetics research has prompted a thorough revision of our perspectives on the history of domestic animals in Africa. Genetic
analyses of domestic animal species have revealed that domestic donkeys are descended from African ancestors, opened a debate
over the contribution of indigenous aurochs to African domestic cattle, revealed an earlier and possibly exogenous origin
of the domestic cat, and reframed our vision of African dogs. Genetic diversity studies and mapping of unique traits in African
cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens indicate adaptations to regional environmental challenges and suggest hitherto unknown
and complex patterns of interactions both among Africans and with Southwest Asia and other Asian regions on the Indian Ocean.
This article argues against the static perspective on domestication as invention and for viewing it as a dynamic, locally
based and continuing process. 相似文献
62.
There has been relatively little comparative research undertaken on sub‐national cultural policy. This article aims to contribute to the development of sub‐national comparative studies by assessing the utility of national cultural policy approaches for comparative research at the sub‐national level in Canada. Drawing on studies of national cultural policy, the authors develop three main approaches to cultural policy and administration – the French, British and hybrid approaches – and explore their applicability to the origin and evolution of cultural policy and administration in the Canadian provinces of Québec and Ontario. This exploratory research suggests there is room for optimism in drawing on national‐level experiences to undertake sub‐national comparative cultural policy research, particularly for comparisons over broad time periods. The study also suggests that it will be important in subsequent research to further elaborate the models for present‐day comparative analysis and to refine and adapt them to reflect specificities at the provincial level of analysis. 相似文献
63.
Archaeological research at Caracol, an ancient Maya site that was rediscovered in 1937, has become a major resource in the interpretation and understanding of the ancient Maya. Caracol, in west-central Belize, is situated in a subtropical region once characterized as being unsuitable for the development or maintenance of complex societies, yet it is one of the largest, if not the largest Classic period Maya site in the southern Maya Lowlands, home to over 100,000 people at its height between AD 600 and 700. The investigations at Caracol underscore the utility of long-term archaeological projects incorporating large-scale settlement study that combine excavation with varied research designs and the use of a contextual approach. By employing Maya epigraphic history, traditional archaeology, and modern technology like LiDAR, research at Caracol details the rise, maintenance, and fall of an ancient Maya city, affording a large window into ancient Maya lifeways. Archaeological work provides evidence of sustainable agriculture, a market economy, city planning that included a road system, the impact of warfare on the site’s inhabitants, the sociopolitical status of women, the role that archaeology can play in refining written history, and the significance of commemorating the cyclical passage of time to the ancient Maya. This article summarizes archaeological research efforts at the site by the Caracol Archaeological Project over the last three decades. 相似文献
64.
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66.
Katherine A. Spielmann Tiffany Clark Diane Hawkey Katharine Rainey Suzanne K. Fish 《Journal of Anthropological Archaeology》2009
Native American responses to Spanish colonialism are explored through an analysis of multiple lines of evidence concerning subsistence practices, diet, and health in the Salinas Pueblo area of central New Mexico. Zooarchaeological and paleoethnobotanical data from three Pueblo villages that experienced different degrees of Spanish missionization are the focus of this study. In addition, human osteological data from one village provide important information on activity patterns and health. These data are used to document the kinds of changes that occurred in Pueblo labor patterns, food consumption, and health from the pre-colonial to colonial periods. Synthetic analyses document the development of some degree of inter-village specialization in large game hunting, hide processing, and corn farming, presumably in response to Spanish tribute levies in corn and antelope hides, and demands on Pueblo labor in other arenas. There also appears to be a degree of divergence in women’s and men’s lives in the colonial period. These southwestern data are then compared with similar information from the southeastern US to identify patterns of similarity and difference in Native American experiences of and strategies for dealing with Spanish colonization. 相似文献
67.
Diane M. Duffy 《政策研究杂志》1997,25(4):535-556
Current fast-track reforms in Russia's health sector involving decentralization and privatization are largely ineffective because they are mistargeted. They do not address the etiology of the major sources of health care problems (i.e., lifestyle, and living, working, and environmental conditions), and they even weaken coordinated efforts to address collective health needs. State government policy measures, democratization, self-organization of society, and economic liberalization, as they are evolving currently, do not ensure sufficient citizen protection and interest articulation in the health sector. 相似文献
68.
69.
Diane Losche 《Oceania; a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific》1995,65(3):275-275
Mobul: The Ancestor of the Kambot People in North East New Guinea (translated by John Tschauder) By Josefine Huppertz. Alano. 1992. Pp. 152. 相似文献
70.
Diane E. Lyons 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(2):179-207
In Tigray, Ethiopia highland farmers and noblemen used a common vernacular architecture to build places of political authority
and power during the last century of Ethiopia's feudal economy. This study contributes to the perspective that domestic houses
are active political locales integrated into the larger political landscape. In addition, it is argued that vernacular architectural
style generates hierarchical power in part by manipulating building strategies usually attributed to monumental construction.
The study concludes that vernacular architecture is actively engaged in rendering a political aesthetic that reproduces state
authority in rural hinterlands. 相似文献