Independent confirmation of a diagnostic sheep/goat peptide sequence through DNA analysis and further exploration of its taxonomic utility within the Bovidae

Buckley et al. (2010) recently identified a Type I collagen (COL1A2) peptide sequence that discriminates between sheep and goat species. The exact location of this peptide sequence on the genome was not reported. We identified the sequence's location and developed a PCR based approach that amplifies the diagnostic sequence from exon 41 of the COL1A2 gene. Using DNA analysis, we confirmed that this COL1A2 peptide discriminates between goat and sheep species reliably, but is limited as a more general phylogenetic marker.     

Norfolk livestock farming 1250–1740: a comparative study of manorial accounts and probate inventories

This paper examines developments in Norfolk livestock husbandry over a period of five centuries. It breaks new ground by combining evidence from manorial accounts and probate inventories and the methodological difficulties of using the two sources are examined in some detail. Despite these difficulties the evidence of accounts and inventories reveals the continuity of developed and dynamic pastoral farming systems in Norfolk. From an early date the distinctive feature of livestock farming was its close integration with arable farming, producing mixed-farming systems of remarkable productivity. By substituting horses for oxen and cultivating fodder crops, Norfolk farmers succeeded in maximizing the ratio of non-working to working animals, thereby permitting the development of specialized sheep farming, cattle-based dairying, and later, fattening. Sheep farming was transformed from a peasant to a landlord activity and dairying shifted in its spatial focus, gradually giving way to fattening, rendering Norfolk farmers increasingly dependent upon the import of young stock from outside the county. The most difficult comparison between accounts and inventories yields the most remarkable finding: between the fourteenth and the seventeenth centuries stocking densities approximately doubled. This implies significant gains in pastoral output per unit area, reinforcing the view that developments in livestock husbandry may well have been of greater importance in increasing agricultural production than the more heavily studied arable sector.     

Violence,Social Differentiation and the Self

The article considers aspects of violence in everyday life among the Tiwi of Melville and Bathurst Islands. It briefly compares the role of violence in bureaucratically and juridically mediated forms with self-help and social regulation in Aboriginal societies, focussing on the expressive or performative aspects of violence in everyday interaction. Myers' discussion of violence among the Pintubi posits a dialectical polarity of relatedness and differentiation, corresponding with the affective poles of compassion and anger. This is compared with Sansom's account of semi-ritualized forms of violence in Aboriginal fringe-camp life, where a point of commonality in Myers' and Sansom's approaches is found: this consists of the attunement of action, of violence, self-violence and destructiveness to the witnessing public. In Tiwi life too, conflict is dynamically shaped by actors' attempts to impinge upon, to seek to arouse and in some cases to manipulate, compassion or concern in the witnessing group as defence or as a form of moral attack. Open, dramatic ‘appealing’ violence, often in the form of a more or less controlled loss of self-control, seeks to parry indirect interpersonal tension and antagonism, to reassert or restore social distance and protect or privilege important relationships from intrusive demands. However, these violent appeals in rhetorical threat, in self-violence, destructiveness or sometimes in dramatic suicidal gestures also invariably indicate extreme personal difficulty displaced into open forms of confrontation. The article proposes that the generative moment of violence for social differentiation be sought in an examination of dynamic interrelationships between individual life-history, inner group processes and their articulation with external social forms.     

Book reviews

Henry Albinski, The Australian‐American Security Relationship. University of Queensland Press, St. Lucia and London, 1982, pp. x + 257. $29.95.

Desmond Ball (ed.), Strategy and Defence: Australian Essays. George Allen and Unwin Australia, Sydney, 1982, pp. 402, $24.95 (cloth), $12.95 (paper).

A.F. Madden and W.H. Morris‐Jones (eds.), Australia and Britain: Studies in a Changing Relationship. Sydney University Press in association with Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Sydney, 1980, pp. xvii + 195. $15.00.

John Robertson, Australia at War 1939–1945. Heinemann Australia, Melbourne, 1981, pp. xv + 269. No price given.

R.H. Mathams, Sub Rosa: Memoirs of an Australian Intelligence Analyst. George Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1982, pp. 127. $15.95 (cloth), $7.95 (paper).

James Michael, The Politics of Secrecy. Penguin, Harmonds‐worth, 1982, pp. 240. $7.95.

Leon Glezer, Tariff Politics: Australian Policy‐Making 1960–1980. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1982, pp. 360. $25.00.

K.J. Holsti, Why Nations Realign: Foreign Policy Restructuring in the Postwar World. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1982, pp. xi + 225. $49.95.

Andrew J. Pierre, The Global Politics of Arms Sales. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1982, pp. 311. $US26.00 (cloth), $US7.75 (paper).

Kim Richard Nossal (ed.), An Acceptance of Paradox: Essays on Canadian Diplomacy in honour of John W. Holmes. Canadian Institute of International Affairs, Toronto, 1982, pp. 202. $Can.13.50.

Mohammad Ayoob (ed.), The Politics of Islamic Reassertion, Croom Helm, London, 1981, pp. 298. $23.75.

Ervand Abrahamian, Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1982, pp. xiii + 561. $US58.50 (Cloth), $US 19.00 (Paper).

Donald N. Wilber, Iran Past and Present: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic (9th Edition). Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1981, pp. ix + 375. £4.90.

Fred Halliday, Threat From the East? Soviet Policy From Afghanistan and Iran to The Horn Of Africa. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1982, pp. 149. $4.95.

Rupert Lockwood, Black Armada. Hale and Ironmonger, Sydney, 1982, pp. viii + 352. $24.95 (cloth), $13.95 (paper).

Baladas Ghoshal, Indonesian Politics 1955–1959: The Emergence of Guided Democracy, K.P. Bagchi & Co., Calcutta, 1982, pp. 314. Rs 75.00.

David G. Marr, Vietnamese Tradition on Trial. 1920–1945. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1981, pp. xi + 468. $34.95.

Richard Storry, A History of Modern Japan. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1982, pp. 304. $5.75.

Terry Edward Macdougall (ed.), Political Leadership in Contemporary Japan. (Michigan Papers in Japanese Studies No. 1), Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1982, pp. xiii + 145. $US5.00.

John Creighton Campbell (ed.), Parties, Candidates and Voters in Japan: Six Quantitative Studies. (Michigan Papers in Japanese Studies No. 2) The Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1981, pp. viii + 169. $US5.00.

G. W. Breslauer, Khrushchev and Brezhnev as Leaders: Building Authority in Soviet Politics. George Allen and Unwin, London, 1982, pp. xiii + 318. $39,95 (cloth), $18.95 (paper).

John Ardagh, France in the 1980s. Penguin Books, Harmonds‐worth, 1982, pp. 672. $10.95.

Terutomo Ozawa, Multinationalism, Japanese Style: The Political Economy of Outward Dependency. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1979, pp. xxiii + 289. £6.30.

Bertram Gross, Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America. M. Evans and Company, New York, 1980, pp. ix + 140. $19.25.

Michael Moynagh, Brown or White? A history of the Fiji sugar industry, 1873–1973. Pacific Research Monograph No. 5, Australian National University, Canberra, 1981. pp. xxi + 306. $9.00.

C. Whitehead, Education in Fiji: policy, problems and progress in primary and secondary education 1939–1973. Pacific Research Monograph No. 6, Australian National University, Canberra, 1981. pp. xix + 228. $9.00.

Timothy J. Macnaught, The Fijian Colonial Experience: A study of the neotraditional order under British colonial rule prior to World War II. Pacific Research Monograph No. 7, Australian National University, Canberra, 1982. pp. xvii + 203. $10.00.

Rolf Gerritsen, R.J. May and Michael A.H.B. Walter, Road Belong Development: Cargo Cults. Community Groups and Self‐Help Movements in Papua New Guinea. Australian National University, Department of Political and Social Change Working Paper No. 3, 1981, pp. ii + 117. $5.00.

R.J. May, National‐Provincial Government Relations in Papua New Guinea: Consultant's Report to the Committee to Review the Financial Provisions of the Organic Law on Provincial Government. Australian National University, Department of Political and Social Change Working Paper No. 4, 1981, pp. 57. $5.00.

Richard Newman, Workers and Unions in Bombay 1918–1929. A Study of Organisation in the Cotton Mitts. Australian National University Monographs on South Asia 6, Australian National University, Canberra, 1981, pp. xvi + 320. $10.00.

Eamon Murphy, Unions in Conflict. A Comparative Study of Four South Indian Textile Centres. 1918–1939. Australian National University Monographs on South Asia 5, Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 1981, pp. xii + 287. $10.00.

Marcus Franda, Bangladesh: the First Decade, South Asian Publishers, New Delhi in association with Universities Field Staff International, New Hampshire, 1982, pp. 335. No price given.     

Book reviews

Australian Politics

Scott Bennett, Affairs of State: Politics in the Australian States and Territories (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1992) pp.230. $24.95 ISBN 1 86373 093 1.

Verity Burgmann, Power and Protest: Movements for Social Change in Australian Society (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1993) pp.302. $24.95 ISBN 1 86373 211.

J.R.G. Butler (ed.), Federalism and Public Policy, Intergovernmental Grants and Health Care Financing (Canberra: Federalism Research Centre in association with National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 1991) pp.141. $12.95 ISBN 0 7315 1119 0.

Frank Farrell, Themes in Australian History: Questions, Issues and Interpretation in an Evolving Historiography (Kensington: University of NSW Press, 1992) pp.221. $24.95 ISBN 0 86840 212 5.

James A Gillespie, The Price of Health: Australian Governments and Medical Politics 1910–1960 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991) pp.358. $49.95 ISBN 0 521 38183 5.

Barry Jones, Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1990) pp.285. $16.95 ISBN 0 19 553146 9.

Roger McDonald, Reflecting Labor: Images of Myth and Origin Over 100 Years (Canberra: National Library of Australia, 1991) p.49. $7.50 ISBN 0 642 10537 5.

Terry Newman, Hare‐Clark in Tasmania: Representation of All Opinions (Hobart: Joint Library Committee of the Parliament of Tasmania, 1992) pp.319. $39.95 ISBN 0 7246 3876 8.

Peter Vintila, John Phillimore and Peter Newman (eds), Markets, Morals and Manifestos: Fightback! and the Politics of Economic Rationalism in the 1990s (Perth: Institute for Science and Technology Policy, Murdoch University, 1992) pp.274. $18.95 ISBN 0 86905 233 0.

Michael Howard, ’Fightback!’ or Setback? The Cuts to Public Expenditure in the Hewson Package (Sydney: Public Sector Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 1992) pp.134. $15.00 ISSN 10348 569X.

Comparative and International Politics

John Allen, Peter Braham and Paul Lewis (eds), Political and Economic Dimensions of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992) pp.440. $37.95 ISBN 0 7456 0962 7.

Ian Bellany, A Basis for Arms Control (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1991) pp.155 $n.p. ISBN 1 85521 051 7.

Henry Brandon (ed.)? The Future of U.S.‐European Relations: In Search of a New World Order (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1992) pp.177. $19.95 ISBN 0 8157 1058 5.

Alison Broinowski, The Yellow Lady, Australian Impressions of Asia (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1992) pp.260. $39.95 ISBN 0 19 553382 8.

Robert L. Canfield (ed.), Turko‐Persia in Historical Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 1991) pp.256. $120.00 ISBN 0 521 39094 X.

Henry Frendo, Party Politics in a Fortress Colony: the Maltese Experience 2nd ed. (Valetta, Malta: Midsea Publications, 1991) pp.243. $n.p. no ISBN.

Gwendolyn Gray, Federalism and Health Policy: The Development of Health Systems in Canada and Australia (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991) pp.281. $Canl9.95 ISBN 0 8020 6862 6.

Susan Kaufman Purcell and Robert M. Immerman (eds), Japan and Latin America in the New Global Order (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992) pp.163. SUS9.95 ISBN 1 55587 316 2.

St John Kettle and Stephanie Dowrick (eds), After the Gulf War: For Peace in the Middle East (Sydney: Pluto Press, 1991), pp.134; $9.95 ISBN 0 949138 69 X.

Andrew Ross (ed.), The Military Significance of the Gulf War (Canberra: Australian Defence Studies Centre) pp.79. $10.00 ISBN 0 7317 0191 7.

Ronald T. Libby, Protecting Markets: U.S. Policy and the World Grain Trade (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992) pp.152. $US26.50 ISBN 0 8014 2617 0.

T.B. Millar and James Walter (eds), Asian‐Pacific Security After the Cold War (London: Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, University of London, 1992) pp.125. £8.50 ISBN 1 85507 044 8.

John Morrison, Boris Yeltsin. From Bolshevik to Democrat (Melbourne: Penguin, 1991) pp.303. $16.95 ISBN 0 14 017062 6.

Cornelia Navari (ed.), Conditions of States: A Study in International Political Theory (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1991) pp.228. $ 39.95 ISBN 0 335 09667 0.

V. Spike Peterson (ed.), Gendered States: Feminist (Re)Visions of International Relations Theory (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1992) pp.225. $US16.95 ISBN 1 55587 328 6.

Edith Rogovin Frankel, Jonathan Frankel and Baruch Knei‐Paz (eds), Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) pp.434. $145.00 ISBN 0 521 40523 8.

B. Guy Smith, The Politics of Taxation: A Comparative Perspective (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991) pp.338. $39.95 ISBN 1 55786 211 7.

Ramesh Thakur (ed.), The South Pacific: Problems, Issues and Prospects (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1991) pp.232. $49.95 ISBN 333 55704 2.

Political Theory and Methodology

Perry Anderson, A Zone of Engagement (London: Verso, 1992) pp.384. $39.95 ISBN 0 86091 595 6.

Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Cambridge: Polity, 1991) pp.338. $34.95 ISBN 0 7456 0930 9.

Paul Buhle, Marxism in the USA (London: Verso, 1991) pp.302. $34.95 ISBN 0 86091 547 6.

Hal Draper (edited and with an introduction by E. Haberkern), Socialism from Below: Essays Selected (New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1992) pp.282. SUS25.00 ISBN 0 391 03732 3.

Richard E. Flathman, Wilful Liberalism: Voluntarism and Individuality in Political Theory and Practice (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1992) pp.232. SUS15.35 ISBN 0 8014 9955 0.

Norman Frohlich and Joe A. Oppenheimer, Choosing Justice: An Experimental Approach to Ethical Theory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992) pp.258. SUS45.00 ISBN 0 520 07299 5.

Agnes Heller and Ferenc Feher, The Postmodern Political Condition (Cambridge: Polity, 1991) pp.167. $32.95 ISBN 0 7456 0929 5.

George Armstrong Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992) pp.262. $120 ISBN 0 521 41227 7.

David Keyt and Fred D. Miller Jr (eds), A Companion to Aristotle's Politics (Cambridge: Basil Blackwell, 1991) pp.407. $45.00 ISBN 1 55786 098 X.

Chantal Mouffe (ed.), Dimensions of Radical Democracy (London: Verso, 1992) pp.254. $ 34.95 ISBN 0 86091 556 5.     

Book Reviews

Understanding the Southern African Crises

Paul Keal, Unspoken Rules and Superpower Dominance. Macmillan, London, 1983, pp.262. $48.00

Roger Hilsman, The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs: Conceptual Models and Bureaucratic Politics. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1987, pp.ix,326. $42.50.

Benjamin B. Ferencz, A Common Sense Guide to World Peace. Oceana, New York, 1985, pp. xvi + 112. $US15.00.

United Nations, Department of Public Information, The Blue Helmets: A Review of United Nations Peace‐keeping. United Nations, New York, 1985, pp. 361. $US8.96.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, The History of UNCTAD 1964–1984. United Nations, New York, 1985, pp. 294.$US5.00.

United Nations, Department for Disarmament Affairs, Co‐ordination and World Disarmament Campaign Section, The United Nations and Disarmament: 1945–1985. United Nations, New York, 1985, pp. 166.$US16.95.

Chris Bellamy, The Future of Land Warfare. Croom Helm, London and Sydney, 1987, pp.xv+326. £29.95.

John Prados, The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Intelligence Analysis & Soviet Strategic Forces. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1986, pp.xvi+391. $24.00.

J.W.C. Cumes, The Reconstruction of the World Economy. Longman Cheshire, Melbourne, 1984, pp. 181 $6.91.

Commonwealth Secretariat, Towards a New Bretton Woods: Challenges for the World Financial and Trading System, Report by a Commonwealth Study Group. Longman for the Commonwealth Secretariat, London, 1983, pp. xii + 148. $ 12.95.

Peter Hayes, Lyuba Zarsky and Walden Bello, American Lake. Penguin Books, Ringwood, Victoria, 1986, pp.xiv, 529. $14.95.

A.G. Milner and Trevor Wilson (eds), Australian Diplomacy: Challenges and Options for the Department of Foreign Affairs. AIIA Occasional Paper No. 5, August 1987, pp. 90. $4.50.