心灵的门窗——书画条屏艺术鉴析

条屏是中国书画艺术中的一种绘画形式和装帧品式,由古代堂屋、房间的室内装饰,用于间隔、挡风之用的屏风发展而来。从《后汉书》中的“列女屏风”、《三国志》中的曹不兴为孙权画屏风的记载可知,至少在汉代以前屏风作为室内装饰物就已经出现,而顾恺之的《列女仁智图》,周文矩的《重屏会棋图》,顾闳中的《韩熙载夜宴图》等则为我们提供了古代屏风的形式、功能及其摆设位置等多种图象信息。     

DISTANCE FROM URBAN AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AND RURAL POVERTY*

ABSTRACT Despite strong national economic growth and significant poverty reduction during the late 1990s, high poverty persisted in remote rural areas. This study uses a geographical information system county database to examine the nexus between rural U.S. poverty and remoteness. We find that poverty rates increase with greater rural distances from successively larger metropolitan areas (MAs). We explain this outcome as arising from the attenuation of urban agglomeration effects at greater distances and incomplete commuting and migration responses to lower labor demand in rural areas. One implication is that remote areas may particularly experience greater reductions in poverty from place‐based economic development policies.     

洪武朝内府官制之变与明初的宦权

明代宦官问题肇始于开国皇帝朱元璋,但一直以来对洪武朝任使宦官的性质与规模、明初宦官组织的形成特点等都缺乏深入的研究,这使得对明代宦官的认识缺乏一个"源性"的基础.事实上,在朱元璋统治时期,伴随着以宰相为首的传统外朝体制的解体以及一系列惨烈的政治事件的连续爆发,宦官组织在不断调整中得到巩固和发展.朱元璋刻意培育宦官并用以牵制外廷,体现了他一贯的分权思想;宦权的扩张反映了君权的空前膨胀.正是那位被普遍认为是禁止宦官干政的明太祖,赋予了宦官合法的权利和地位,从而使宦官在实质上已作为明王朝政治体制的一个组成部分而存在.     

Archaeology Unfolding: Diversity and the Loss of Isolation

Summary.   British historical archaeology has seen new theoretical engagement in recent years. A diverse and distinctive body of theory has developed in this increasingly vibrant and international area of study, testing disciplinary boundaries, especially with history, social anthropology and material culture studies.
This paper takes stock of three distinct processes within the new historical archaeology: the birth of material history, the loss of antiquity, and the loss of isolation. The implications of these processes for the wider discipline are explored with reference to landscape archaeology, using the example of the Ironbridge Gorge, Shropshire. In a consideration of future directions, it is argued that historical archaeology provides particular insights to the need across the discipline for archaeology to respond with self-confidence to complexity by drawing out and celebrating diversity in theory and practice.     

出土、出水饱水木质文物冷冻干燥研究进展

冷冻干燥是稳定出土、出水饱水木质文物的主要方法之一。该方法基于水由固态直接成为气态的升华过程不产生表面张力的原理,可避免饱水木材脱水时受到干燥应力的破坏。数十年来,经过实验实践和不断完善,冷冻干燥在出土、出水降解木材的稳定中取得了很好的效果,在大型、厚重木质文物的保护方面得到成功应用。本研究基于在出土、出水含盐饱水木质文物保护方面的多年实践,对国内外在脱盐、抗菌、热浸、预冻和升华干燥工艺等方面的进展进行了回顾,并提出了解决一些现有问题的技术设想。     

MULTIREGIONAL STOCK ADJUSTMENT EQUATIONS OF RESIDENTIAL AND NONRESIDENTIAL INVESTMENT IN STRUCTURES*

ABSTRACT. Despite the importance of predicting investment expenditures for regional economic forecasting and policy simulation, little has been published on predicting regional investment expenditures. The primary reason is the lack of data on regional investment and capital stocks. Using two constructed investment data sets, this paper specifies and econometrically estimates stock adjustment equations of residential and nonresidential investment for the fifty states plus Washington, D.C. Unique aspects of the approach include maximum use of United States and regional data, and pooled estimation. The estimated pooled equations provide satisfactory historical fits to investment for most states. Also, the paper presents out-of-sample forecasts and simulated investment responses to an exogenous production increase.     

地名变迁中的文化政治阐释——以从化温泉为例

最近三十年出现的地名研究的批判性转向,使地方命名的政治过程成为地名研究的核心议题。在此背景下通过从化温泉这一著名旅游地的地名变更过程的研究,对我国地名变迁的政治进行探讨。研究发现,一个地方的命名是一场复杂的政治经济角力过程。"从化温泉"这一地名在历史的演变中拥有了令人瞩目的"符号资本"价值,成为中国政治体制中不同尺度行动者积极争取的对象。处于上层尺度的行动者通过政治事件与营销不断累积"从化温泉"的政治符号意义,使其成为国家尺度的地方范畴。而处于下层的地方政府则通过地名转移使用赋予"从化温泉"以新的地方意义。在这场围绕地名的争夺中,地方社区与地名的历史联系被边缘化甚至消除。     

全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新趋势

文化全球化背景下,在城市的快速转型过程中,城市文化发展和演进面临更多新要素的触动:"异质文化"日渐冲击或渗透着城市本底文化,影响城市文化发展的主要因子也更多从自然环境要素始向人文因素转变,即城市本底文化生存的"土壤"正在发生革命性改变,从而使城市文化表现出更多时代内涵、时尚意韵和新景观。本文基于国内外相关研究进展,讨论全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新态势,以期对新时期国内文化地理学的研究有所裨益。     

建国初期知识分子思想改造运动研究述评

建国初期,中国共产党为确立马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,提出从旧时代过来的各个阶级阶层的人都要通过政治学习和思想改造以适应新时代的要求,而且将知识分子的思想改造放在首位,认为这是我国在各方面彻底实现民主改革和逐步实行工业化的重要条件之一。1951年秋至1952年秋,知识分子思想改造运动迅速从北京、天津20余所高校推广到