Stable isotopes as indicators of change in the food procurement and food preference of Viking Age and Early Christian populations on Gotland (Sweden)

Archaeological samples of human and faunal remains dating from the Viking (9–11th century AD) and Early Christian (11–12th century AD) periods of Gotland, Sweden were assayed through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in order to investigate whether changes in subsistence occurred between these periods, particularly regarding the importance of seafood. The study was concerned with how the dietary regime of the Baltic trading port and farming settlement at Ridanäs, Gotland was affected by the widespread environmental and sociocultural transformations that characterized the end of the Viking Age. More generally, the research considers how changes in both food procurement and preference may account for observed differences in the dietary regimes of individuals from the Viking Age and the Early Christian period.     

A microarchaeological approach for the study of pits

Abstract

The study of the technology underlying pre-industrial storage structures has an interest from an anthropological and archaeological perspective, in terms of the evolution of key cultural and cognitive capabilities, often related to the transition to food production.

Microarchaeological techniques offer a unique perspective on the study of pre-industrial storing technologies. In this work, examples are presented from two archaeological contexts in different climatic and socio-ecological situations during the Holocene in S Asia and SW Europe. Microarchaeological techniques used in this study include micromorphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and phytolith analyses. The comparative study of two pits highlights key aspects of the decision-making process involved in technological solutions of storage: ? The choice of a location for the construction of a given storage facility is highly affected by contextual climatic, microclimatic, soil and bioturbative factors

? The time taken to consume stored foodstuffs seems to affect technological investment as much as the intrinsic conservation requirements of the stored taxa

? The use of fire to hygienise pits implies that such structures were not conceived for single use

? Pre-industrial storage systems can be seen as modular structures, which components (e.g. topographical location, sediment type, lining type, hygienisation techniques and cover) can be recombined to improve storage performance for different climatic settings and foodstuffs.

     

A Note on the Benefits to Current Residents of State Employment Growth: Is There an Industry Mix Effect on Migration?

Although there is evidence that regional employment growth benefits current residents, an unexplored aspect of this relationship is the industry composition of the growth. Using 1981–1991 migration data for the 48 contiguous U.S. states, this paper examines whether the industry mix of employment growth matters for migration. We find that state employment growth that results from having a larger share of nationally fast-growing industries leads to less net in-migration compared to growth that results from each industry in the state growing faster than its national average. Therefore, state employment growth that is attributable to its mix of industries yields greater benefits for current state residents.     

Propositions on Trade Unions and Informal Employment in Times of Globalisation

The purpose of this contribution is to identify some of the issues which need to be addressed in order to advance the organisation of workers, and in particular women workers, in informal employment. The organisation of these workers, collectively described as the "informal sector", represents an existential challenge to the trade union movement: unless and until it puts itself in a position to effectively address this challenge, it cannot halt its decline, but in order to do so it has to undergo fundamental changes in its culture, its self-awareness and the way it relates to society. The issue of organising the informal sector is at the heart of the necessary transformations the trade union movement must undergo to recover its potential as a global social force.     

建国初期知识分子思想改造运动研究述评

建国初期,中国共产党为确立马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位,提出从旧时代过来的各个阶级阶层的人都要通过政治学习和思想改造以适应新时代的要求,而且将知识分子的思想改造放在首位,认为这是我国在各方面彻底实现民主改革和逐步实行工业化的重要条件之一。1951年秋至1952年秋,知识分子思想改造运动迅速从北京、天津20余所高校推广到     

赤藓糖醇在考古木材保护中的应用

选取3种不同遗址出土(出水)的考古木材为试验样品,以赤藓糖醇为定形加固材料,在50℃恒温水浴中以不同质量分数的赤藓糖醇溶液对试验样品进行渗透填充,渗透填充结束后采用真空冷冻干燥方式对试验样品进行脱水干燥。分别从尺寸稳定性、环境稳定性、力学性能、显微形貌几个方面考察了赤藓糖醇对考古木材的定形保护效果。试验结果显示赤藓糖醇作为定形加固材料能够对考古木材起到良好的定形保护作用,定形保护效果随赤藓糖醇质量分数的增加而提升,质量分数为30%赤藓糖醇即可显著提升考古木材的尺寸稳定性、环境稳定性和力学性能。赤藓糖醇以晶体形式在考古木材细胞壁上析出,对木材组织起到支撑和加固作用,提高了考古木材的尺寸稳定性和环境稳定性。     

“旅游人”的符号学分析

人的符号学特征可以从地位、身份、角色和行为这4个方面进行剖析,而这4个概念在社会结构分析中具有十分重要的意义。本文深入分析了“旅游人”（旅游者、旅游目的地居民和旅游从业者）的这些象征符号的意义,包括地位符号的自致性、临时性、炫耀性;身份符号的表征性和许可性;角色符号的表演性和多重性;行为符号的表意性和交际性。苓文认为,旅游中三类人之间的互动关系实质上就是符号的互动,其研究价值在于加深理解旅游中各类人的本质特征以及旅游消费所蕴藏的丰富的象征意义。     

继承与断裂:清初的会推与专制皇权的强化

清初继承的明制包括了高级官员的会推制度,然而此制在康熙年间逐渐没落。开列制与保举制的先后引入,使皇帝加强了对会推的控制,会推的质量得到了一定的保证,但也产生了低效、徇私等弊,得人效果不佳。康熙朝官员参与会推的积极性较低,不愿承担保举责任。决策时,康熙帝常与大学士共议,并越来越多地行特简之权,但也因此造成了明珠等权臣借机结党营私。明清会推中皇权的强化,不仅是皇帝个人意愿的展现,更是政局现实与政治文化综合作用的结果。     

全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新趋势

文化全球化背景下,在城市的快速转型过程中,城市文化发展和演进面临更多新要素的触动:"异质文化"日渐冲击或渗透着城市本底文化,影响城市文化发展的主要因子也更多从自然环境要素始向人文因素转变,即城市本底文化生存的"土壤"正在发生革命性改变,从而使城市文化表现出更多时代内涵、时尚意韵和新景观。本文基于国内外相关研究进展,讨论全球化背景下城市文化地理研究的新态势,以期对新时期国内文化地理学的研究有所裨益。