清华大学图书馆藏《远西奇器图说录最》介绍

《远西奇器图说录最》(三卷)(常简称《奇器图说》),由德国传教士邓玉函(Johann Terrenz,1576～1630)口译,王徵(1571～1644)笔述并绘图,明天启七年(1627)刻于扬州;《诸器图说》(一卷),王徵著,初刻于天启六年(1626).后两书合刊,有多种版本行世.     

两宋木质雕母钱的发现和研究—兼论宋钱的铸造工艺

《中国钱币》2002年第1期发表王仕国先生的文章《四川广元发现木质宋年号钱》,报道1999年作者在嘉陵江河道采沙人处得到的木质北宋年号钱六枚。今年4月14日又收到王仕国先生的来稿《广元与两宋铁钱》(见本期),介绍广元嘉陵江河床近年出土两宋铁钱的情况。文章说:“北宋铁钱从景德元宝到靖康通宝,几乎都有发现,南宋铁钱自绍兴以下,亦发现有十余个     

美丰银行及其纸币发行

1914年人类历史上第一次空前规模的世界大战爆发,英、法、德等资本主义国家忙于战争,无暇东顾,对华出口锐减。远离欧洲大陆的美国没有在这场战争中受损,反而发了战争财。在中国,美国对华贸易额逐年增加。一些美国商人抓住这个契机,在中国办起了银行。而经过一战短暂的黄金时期发展起来的中国民族资产阶级也需要利用大量资金。对金融资本需求的增加使得新式银     

中国财税博物馆藏滕侯赇之歌钟考

2002年前后,中国财税博物馆征集入藏一套4件春秋晚期的编镈,其中一件钲部有清晰的滕侯赇之歌钟6字铭文,揭示了一个史料无载的滕国国君名,填补了滕国历史研究中的一个空白。这组青铜镈器形规整,铸造精良,但没有调音结构,可能是为滕侯赇下葬专门铸造的。     

Evidence for a Neolithic Age fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system in the lower Yangtze River Delta,China

Establishing stable cropping systems was vital in antiquity, assuring certain yields and enabling ancient people to settle, thus possibly causing various modern food habits and culture to form around the world, especially in cereal-cultivation-dominated countries. China, one of the most famous ancient agricultural countries, has a long history of rice planting, and the fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system is prevalent in the lower Yangtze region, which is considered a rice domestication center. However, its origin and cultivation pattern remain unclear. We studied a famous agricultural vestige, the Chuodun site, involved in rice planting in the lower Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, during the Neolithic Age. Clear evidence from archaeology, paleobiology, pedology and biogeochemistry suggest both that the rice fire-irrigation cultivation system formed during the Neolithic Age and that ancient peoples lived there steadily. Under this extensive cultivation system, soil structures and properties changed significantly; in particular, it left more black carbon in the soil and increased the organic carbon soil stability, which can be used to reconstruct prehistoric environments. Meanwhile, the prevalent fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system used by farmers in this area, though for a different purpose than ancient people, may be inherited from the Neolithic Age.     

美国史学的兼容并包与社会影响

史学要产生较为广泛的社会影响,很重要的一点,就是要通过兼容并包来促进史学形式多元化局面的形成,在一般情况下,只有形式的多元化,史学才能在更大程度上去影响社会。美国史学就是一个较好的例证。     

信息通讯技术对城中村女性居民活动空间的影响研究

21世纪以来,信息通讯技术（ICT）的飞速发展对居民日常生活产生了深刻影响,导致居民日常活动时空特征的重构。本研究利用北京城中村居民问卷调查数据,探究ICT影响下的城中村女性居民的活动空间。首先,通过归纳城中村女性居民网络活动特征,发现具有年轻、未在婚姻关系内、受教育水平高、经济状况较好等人口学和社会经济特征的女性是进行上网活动的主体人群。其次,运用计量模型探究ICT影响下的城中村女性居民的活动空间,发现ICT不是居住空间选择的影响因素但能减小女性休闲娱乐活动空间的制约。此外,网络购物对实体购物的补充作用大于替代作用。随着ICT影响的日益扩大,本文的研究结论对于政府制定相关政策和城市规划管理具有较强的现实意义。     

农事节律与江南农村地区饮食习俗

一、引言长期以来,饮食问题一直是学界研究的重要课题之一。单就人文社会科学来说,如民俗学、历史学、人类学等都曾对这一问题有所涉及。在这其中,民俗学主要从饮食民俗的角度展开讨论。所谓饮食民俗:"是指有关食物和饮料,在加工、制作和食用过程中所形成的风俗习惯及礼仪常规。"其包含有多方面的内容,如年节食     

An Isotopic Perspective on Animal Husbandry at the Xinzhai Site During the Initial Stage of the Legendary Xia Dynasty (2070–1600 BC)

Located in the Central Plains of China, the early Xia Dynasty site of Xinzhai (2050 BC–1750 BC) with large archaeological features and exquisite artifacts of jade and copper is pivotal for probing the origin and formation of Chinese civilisation. Here, stable isotope ratios analysis, supplemented by zooarchaeological results, was used to investigate the exploitation and management of animals utilised by humans. It was demonstrated that a diverse pattern of animal raising and exploitation was present at the Xinzhai site. The domestic pigs were fed with substantial amounts of millets or their byproducts to guarantee a food source for the dietary demands of the humans. Dogs were also found to have consumed large amounts of C₄ protein sources, likely in the form of human food scraps or leftovers. The domestic herbivores, sheep and cattle, showed different dietary characteristics in that the former mainly grazed in the natural environment, while the latter species were fed with large amounts of C₄ products. This intra‐species variation was somewhat related to their physiological characteristics but seems to have been more determined by their different status in social and ritual activities. Thus, this research at Xinzhai provides a glimpse of the organisation of animal resources during the initial formation of Chinese civilisation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chiefdoms and states in the Yuncheng Basin and the Chifeng region: A comparative analysis of settlement systems in North China

Regional settlement datasets for the Yuncheng Basin and the Chifeng region are re-analyzed for comparison so as to reconstruct differing patterns of community development at local and supra-local scales. A methodological implication of this reanalysis is that comparing settlement areas and surface artifact densities between projects requires special attention to how the data were recorded so as to put them on the same measurement scale. The analytical approaches originally taken to reconstructing community organization in the two regions, while differing in several respects, are shown to produce highly compatible results, permitting a comparison of the two trajectories with a sound empirical foundation. Neolithic settlement began much earlier in Chifeng, but rates of demographic and community growth were extremely slow. In Yuncheng, early village growth was much more dramatic. Multiple chiefly districts of modest size emerged in both regions, but those of Yuncheng, despite their shorter developmental trajectory, had substantially larger populations. Their central settlements, in particular, grew to be much larger than those in Chifeng and the special activities carried out at these centers differed between the two regions. A poorly understood, but not contemporaneous, demographic disruption punctuated both sequences. It was followed by the emergence of political integration on a much larger scale in the Yuncheng Basin, focused on a single settlement an order of magnitude larger than its predecessors. In Chifeng, regional population soared far beyond previous levels, but political integration remained persistently small in scale.