乡村社区旅游空间不正义及其“住改商”制度症结——波兰尼嵌入性视角下的西江苗寨实证研究

中国乡村旅游已成为乡村社区脱贫致富和空间不正义的一把双刃剑,而后者尚未引起学界和政界的足够重视。文章基于波兰尼嵌入性理论,分析揭示了乡村社区旅游"住改商"制度的脱嵌路径及其空间不正义的作用机理,并通过现场观察、访谈、问卷调查等定性定量方法,对西江苗寨进行了实证研究。结果表明:现代旅游经济的脱嵌是乡村社区旅游空间不正义的直接原因,而乡村旅游"住改商"制度的脱嵌则是其制度根源;波兰尼嵌入/脱嵌的经济及其制度区分,对于我国现阶段乡村旅游兼具农耕经济的嵌入与旅游经济及其制度的脱嵌矛盾面向极具解释力;对乡村社区旅游"住改商"制度实施反"脱嵌"制度安排,是破解乡村社区旅游空间不正义的有力举措。     

Ancient DNA provides new insights into the origin of the Chinese domestic horse

Domestic horses played a pivotal role in ancient China, but their exact origin remains controversial. To investigate the origin of Chinese domestic horses, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 35 horse remains, aged between 4000 and 2000 years, excavated from nine archaeological sites in northern China. The Chinese ancient horses exhibited high matrilineal diversity, falling into all the seven haplogroups (A–G) observed in modern horses. These results suggest that several maternal lines were introduced into the gene pool of Chinese horses in the past. Haplogroups A and F were more prevalent in ancient horses than the other haplogroups. Interestingly, only haplogroups A and F were present in the samples older than 4000 years, while the more recent horses (between 2000 and 3000 years BP) fell into all seven haplogroups. Comparison with DNA data of present-day horses suggests that haplogroup F is like to be an ancient haplogroup of East Asian origin. These analyses also suggest that the origin of Chinese domestic horses is complex, and external mtDNA input occurred after initial domestication. Our results indicate that the Chinese ancient horses are more related to the modern Mongolian horses. Lastly, our results cannot support the previous hypothesis that early Chinese domestic horses were derived from the Przewalski horse.     

史前石制品的热处理研究

民族学和考古学研究显示,人类对石制品有意识的热处理现象自史前时代开始就普遍存在于世界各地,主要被用来改善石料的破裂性能,改变石料的外观,并且附加一定的文化价值与社会意义。有关热处理原理、方法和表现特征的实验研究,为辨别考古材料提供了对比依据。目前为止,中国关于热处理的考古学发现和研究很少,希望本文能够引起国内史前考古学界对这一主题的兴趣和关注。     

永州鹞子岭二号墓出土西汉铜熏炉

1995年发掘的永州鹞子岭2号墓,出土了许多精美的器物,《考古》2004年第1期发表了该墓的发掘报告,其中一件铜熏炉经过修复之后,特别引人注目。这是西汉末期泉陵侯刘庆之妻的随葬之物（图1）。     

INCORPORATING TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION,FACTOR MOBILITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE INTO CROSS‐REGION GROWTH REGRESSION: AN APPLICATION TO CHINA*

ABSTRACT This paper advocates a spatial dynamic model that introduces technology diffusion, factor mobility, and structural change into the cross‐region growth regression. The spatial setting is derived from theory rather than spatial statistical tests. An application of this model to the study of cross‐province growth in China over the period 1980–2005 indicates that incomes are spatially correlated, which highlights the significance of technology diffusion and factor mobility. Furthermore, the integration of neoclassical growth empirics and the structural change perspective of development economics provide a much improved account of interprovincial variations in income levels and economic growth.     

靺鞨人种考

通过对俄罗斯远东地区特罗伊茨基靺鞨墓地和沙普卡靺鞨墓地的人类学资料探讨靺鞨人群的人种问题,从研究的结果看,在体质类型的划分上沙普卡靺鞨人更接近古西伯利亚类型,而特罗伊茨基靺鞨人则更接近古蒙古高原类型,暗示了靺鞨人群的构成是复杂而多源的。特罗伊茨基墓地在考古学文化和人群的人种构成上都受到来自贝加尔地区人群特别是突厥人群的影响。特罗伊茨基靺鞨人和沙普卡靺鞨人在最终的基因流向上也存在不同的倾向。     

湖北蕲春罗州城宋代陶瓷分析与研究

湖北蕲春罗州城址出土的一批隋唐至南宋时期的陶瓷器,是研究当时古罗州城经济状况及文化交流的很好实物资料。本文选取了其中的宋代青白瓷、黑瓷、绿釉陶等器物残片,借助X-荧光光谱、等离子体发射光谱、X-射线衍射等分析方法,对其进行较为系统的分析测试。分析结果表明青白瓷样品中HG1和HG3来自湖北武昌青山窑,HG5来自江西景德镇;黑釉瓷都是江西吉州窑的产品;绿釉陶表面的银釉中含有较多的铅与磷,并且以磷酸铅的物相形式存在。     

ANECDOTES ABOUT COLLECTING CATERPILLAR FUNGUS

<正>In the whole world,only the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau produces caterpillar fungus due to the unique eco-environment that in particular suits the parasites.     

复杂理论视角下城市健康地理学探析

城市公共健康问题是根植于所依托的地域空间背景下的复杂问题,因而,目前学界主要以还原论的模型假设来分析影响城市健康的复杂多因子关系时存在一定局限。本文在分析城市健康地理问题的"地方"复杂性基础上,提出用复杂理论认识城市的健康问题,将城市健康地理系统看作为具有开放性、组分的知识局限性、自组织性、路径依赖、涌现性、正反馈和锁定特征的复杂系统。从复杂理论视角探讨了当前城市健康地理学研究的三个主要议题,进而提出复杂理论视角下城市健康地理学研究框架及未来研究展望。