New pieces: the acquisition and distribution of volcanic glass sources in northeast China during the Holocene

Little is known about the diversity of volcanic glass sources used in prehistoric northeast China. Although preliminary research established the presence of a number of sources in archaeological sites from this area, the exact location of these sources was not known (Jia et al., 2010). A recent geoarchaeological survey of three source areas and new data derived from portable X-ray Fluorescence elemental analysis (pXRF) has revealed not only the location and use of two new geological sources in northeast China but also extended our understanding of the geologic context of volcanic glass from Tianchi/Paektusan Volcano, the major geological source of volcanic glass in northeast China. Furthermore, understanding the geological history of these new sources clarifies why they were only found in archaeological sites dated to the Holocene.     

Getting “Out of Africa”: Sea Crossings,Land Crossings and Culture in the Hominin Migrations

Palaeoanthropologists and archaeologists have advanced a wide range of explanatory narratives for the various movements of Homo erectus/Homo ergaster, and the first modern Homo sapiens, “Out of Africa”—or even back again. The application of Occam's razor—a parsimonious approach to causes—gives a more cautious approach. There is nothing in the available evidence that would require the ability for a human water crossing from Africa before the later Pleistocene, whether across the Strait of Gibraltar, the Sicilian Channel or the southern Red Sea (Bab el-Mandab). A parsimonious narrative is consistent with movements across the Sinai peninsula. The continuous arid zone from northern Africa to western Asia allowed both occupation and transit during wet phases of the Pleistocene; there is no requirement for a “sponge” model of absorption followed by expulsion of human groups. The Nile Valley as a possible transit route from East Africa has a geological chronology that could fit well much current evidence for the timing of human migration. The limited spatial and temporal opportunities for movements “Out of Africa,” or back again, also puts particular difficulties in the way of the gene flow required for the multiregional hypothesis of the development of modern Homo sapiens.     

Book reviews

The World on Paper. By David R. Olson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xix + 319 pp. £17.95/$24.95 cloth.

Milton and the Revolutionary Reader. By Sharon Achinstein (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) xv + 272 pp. £27.50/$35.00 cloth.

The Rise of Christianity: A Sociologist Reconsiders History. By Rodney Stark (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996) xiv + 246 pp. £16.95/$24.95 cloth.

The Idea of Luxury: A Conceptual and Historical Investigation. By Christopher J. Berry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xiv + 271 pp. £45.00/$69.95 cloth, £17.95/$24.95 paper.

Will to Live: One Family's Story of Surviving the Holocaust. By Adam Starkopf (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995) 242 pp. $14.95 paper.

Meditations of a Holocaust Traveler. By Gerald E. Markle (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), 185 pp. $12.95 paper.

Nazism and German Society. 1933–1945. Edited by David C. Crew (London: Routledge, 1994) xii + 316 pp. £11.99 paper.

Women in Ancient Greece. By Sue Blundell (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994) 224 pp. $19.95 paper.

The Dear Purchase: A Theme in German Modernism. By J. P. Stern (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) 445 pp. $64.95 cloth.

An Introduction to Political Ideas. Edited by Peter M. R. Stirk and David Weigall (London: Pinter Press, 1995) xv + 385 pp. £14.99 paper.

André Malraux: Politics and the Temptation of Myth. By Gino Raymond, Avery Series in Philosophy (Aldershot: Avebury, Ashgate, 1995) vi + 212 pp. $59.95 paper.

Collingwood Studies, Volume 1: The Life and Thought of R. G. Collingwood. Edited by David Boucher (Swansea: R. G. Collingwood Society, 1994) xiii + 211 pp. paper.

Perversion and Utopia: A Study in Psychoanalysis and Critical Theory. By Joel Whitebook (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995) 350 pp. $29.95 cloth.

A Vindication of the Rights of Men with a Vindication of the Rights of Woman. By Mary Wollstonecraft, edited by Sylvana Tomaselli, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) £8.95/$ 10.95 paper, £25.00/$44.95 cloth.

Utopias of British Enlightenment. By Gregory Claeys, History of Political Thought, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xli +305 pp. $19.95 paper.

Baroque Personae. Edited by Rosario Villari, translated by Lydia G. Cochrane (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995) 357 pp. £37.95/ $54.75 cloth.

The Narrative Fiction of Heinrich Boll: Social Conscience and Literary Achievement. Edited by Michael Butler (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xv + 280 pp. £37.50/$59.95 cloth.

La Rochefoucauld and the Language of Unmasking in Seventeenth‐Century France. By Henry C. Clark, Histoire des idees et critique littéraire, vol. 336 (Genève: Droz, 1994), 232 pp. paper.

Jane Austen and the Representation of Regency England. By Roger Sales (London: Routledge, 1996) xxii + 283 pp. £13.99 paper.

Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century. By R. J. Crampton (London: Routledge, 1994), xx + 475 pp. £14.99 paper.

What Is Enlightenment? Eighteenth‐Century Answers and Twentieth‐Century Questions. Edited by James Schmidt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996) xiii + 563 pp. $50.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.

Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man. By Joan Wallach Scott (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996) 256 pp. $27.95 paper.

Darwin Machines and the Nature of Knowledge. By Henry Plotkin (Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1994) xviii + 269 pp. $26.95 cloth.

Rediscovering History: Culture, Politics, and the Psyche. Edited by Michael S. Roth (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994) xv + 535 pp. $16.95 paper.

Narrative, Authority, and Power: The Medieval Exemplum and the Chaucerian Tradition. By Larry Scanlon (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xii+ 378 pp. £40.00/$64.95 cloth

Retreat from the Modern: Humanism, Postmodernism and the Flight from Modernist Culture. By N. J. Rengger (London: Bowerdean, 1996) vi+ 122 pp. $14.95 paper.

Nature, Justice and Rights in Aristotle's Politics. By Fred D. Miller (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) xvii + 424 pp. 40.00 cloth.

Hauptsache Europa: Perspectiven für das Europäischen Parlament. By Peter Schönberger (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1994), Dokumente und Schriften der Europäischen Akademie Otzenhausen, vol. 72, 130 pp. DM 88.00/AS 687/ sFF 88.00 paper.

A Proper Dyaloge betwene a Gentillman and an Husbandman. Edited by Douglas H. Parker (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996) ix + 291 pp. £33.75/$55.00 cloth.

The Genesis of the French Revolution: A Global‐Historical Interpretation. By Bailey Stone (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) 268 pp. $49.95/ £37.50 cloth $14.95/£11.95 paper.

Britain in the European Union Today. By Colin Pilkington (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995) 260 pp. £35.00 cloth £9.99 paper.

Erasmus: His Life, Works, and Influence. By Cornelis Augustijn, translated by J. C. Grayson (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991)x + 239 pp. £13.00/$19.95 paper.

Jean‐Jacques Rousseau: Music, Illusion and Desire. By Michael O'Dea (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995) viii + 284 pp. $59.95 cloth.

The Early Political Writings of the German Romantics. Edited and translated by Frederick C. Beiser, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996) £37.50/$54.95 cloth, £13.95/$18.95 paper.

Wollstonecraft's Daughters: Womanhood in England and France, 1780–1920. Edited by Clarissa Campbell Orr (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996) x + 206 pp. $69.95 cloth.

An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. By Jeremy Bentham, edited by J. H. Burns and H. L. A. Hart, with a new introduction by F. Rosen (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996) cxii + 343 pp. £17.99/$32.00 paper.

Community and Consent: The Secular Political Theory of Marsiglio of Padua's Defensor Pacis. By Cary J. Nederman (Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield, 1995) 161 pp. $22.95 paper, $57.50 cloth.

Osip Mandelstam and the Modernist Creation of Tradition. By Clare Cavanagh (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995) xii + 365 pp. $39.50 cloth.

God and Government in an “Age of Reason.” By David Nicholls (London: Routledge) 1995, xi + 278 pp. £45.00 cloth.

Petersburg, Crucible of Cultural Revolution. By Katerina Clark (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995) xii + 377 pp. $39.95 cloth.

Histoire du suicide: la société occidentale face à la mort volontaire. By Georges Minois (Paris: Fayard, 1995) 421 pp. FF 150.00 paper.

Classical Probability in the Enlightenment. By Lorraine Daston (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995) xviii + 432 pp. $19.95 paper.

Daedalus (Winter, 1996) “Social Suffering.” Edited by V. Das, A. Kleinman, and M. Lock 283 pp. $7.95 (Canada)/ $10.35 (U.S.) paper.

Cultural Politics in Greater Romania: Regionalism, Nation Building, and Ethnic Struggle, 1918–1930. By Irina Livezeanu (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995) 340 pp. £35.50/$45.00 (U.S.)/ $49.50 (foreign) cloth.

The Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, vol. 2, 1914–1919. Edited by Ernst Falzeder and Eva Brabant, translated by Peter T. Hoffer (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996) xlvi +397 pp. $45.00 cloth.

Biologists Under Hitler. By Ute Deichmann, translated by Thomas Dunlap (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996) xviii + 468 pp. $45.00 cloth.

The Crisis of Conservatism: The Politics, Economics and Ideology of the British Conservative Party, 1880–1914. By E. H. H. Green (London: Routledge, 1995) xiv + 412 pp., £50.00 cloth.

Marx: Later Political Writings. Edited by Terrell Carver, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996) xxxiii + 260 pp. £a27.95/$24.95 cloth £9.95/$ 12.95 paper.

A Small City in France: A Socialist Mayor Confronts Neofascism. By Françoise Gaspard, translated by Arthur Goldhammer (Cambridge‐Harvard University Press, 1995) xi + 194 pp. $32.50 cloth $15.95 paper.

Reading Henry James in French Cultural Contexts. By Pierre A. Walker (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1995) xxiv+ 230 pp. $28.50 cloth.

The Glory of van Gogh: An Anthropology of Admiration. By Nathalie Heinich, translated by Paul Leduc Browne (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996) 218 pp. $29.95 paper.

Poor Women and Children in the European Past. Edited by John Henderson and Richard Wall (London: Routledge, 1994) xiii + 347 pp. £45.00 cloth.

Chopin at the Boundaries: Sex, History and Musical Genre. By Jeffrey Kallberg Convergences (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996) xiii + 301 pp. $45.00 cloth.

After the USSR: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Politics in the Commonwealth of Independent States. By Anatoly M. Khazanov (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995) xxi + 311 pp. $24.95 cloth.

Reflections on Violence. By John Keane (London: Verso, 1996) 200 pp. £16.95 paper.

Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Twelfth‐century Ethical Poetics and the Satirical Poetry of the Carmina Burana. By Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Bibliotheca Histories 9. (Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society, 1995) 188 pp. paper.

La Pensée politique de Raymond Aron. By Stephane Launay, Recherches politiques (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1995) x + 243 pp. 158 FF paper.

Psychoanalysis and Gender: An Introductory Reader. By Rosalind Minsky (London: Routledge, 1996) xv + 317 pp. $69.95 cloth/$27.75 paper.

Un ?Intellectuel? avant la lettre: le journaliste Pierre Bayle (1647–1706). L'actualité religieuse dans les Nouvelles de la République des Lettres (1684–1687). By Hubert Bost. Etudes de l'Institut Pierre Bayle, Nijmegen (Amsterdam and Maarssen: APA—Holland University Press, 1994) xii + 584 pp. 150 cloth.     

An Empirical Analysis of Retailer Participation Decisions in a Downtown Parking Coupon Program

Parking coupon programs help downtown shopping areas attract consumers away from suburban shopping centers. Here we conduct an empirical analysis of retailer participation in such a program. Consistent with expectations, participation was higher for stores in shopping centers than for street-front retailers, for stores receiving subsidies for coupon purchase, and for stores selling comparison-shopping goods than for stores selling goods bought on one-stop, single-purpose or multipurpose-shopping trips. Participation also varied with numbers of competitors, chain membership, and store vintage. Apparently, participation is a local public good for downtown retailers and stores are inclined to free ride.     

“The ideal home of the South”: The Robert E. Lee Camp Confederate soldiers' home and the institutionalization of Confederate veterans in Virginia

For more than half a century, the Robert E. Lee Camp Soldiers' Home in Richmond, Virginia, provided shelter, food, and medical care to some of the South's neediest Confederate veterans. Applications to the Lee Camp home offer valuable insight into the post-war experiences of a substantial number of Confederate veterans and highlight the enduring effects of the Civil War upon those who fought in it. For such men, the long-term physical and economic ramifications of the conflict largely exceeded the capabilities of existing avenues of social assistance and necessitated the augmentation of state-based welfare efforts. Moreover, applications to the Lee Camp soldiers' home indicate some of the cultural assumptions which informed the home's application process and demonstrate the duality of purpose that has often been regarded by historians as a key characteristic of Confederate veterans' welfare.