From Slavery to Abolition in Peru: Four Recent Contributions

Agentes de su propia libertad. Los esclavos de Lima y la desintegración de la esclavitud, 1821–1854. By CARLOS AGUIRRE. Lima: Fondo Editorial Universidad Católica, 1993. Pp. 333.

Slavery and Abolition in Early Republican Peru. By PETER BLANCHARD. Delaware: Scholarly Resources, 1992. Pp. xx, 247.

Paying the Price of Freedom: Family and Labor among Lima's Slaves, 1800–1854. By CHRISTINE HÜNEFELDT. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Pp. xi, 269.

Safari africano y compra‐venta de esclavos para el Perú (1412–1818). By FERNANDO ROMERO. Lima: IEP‐UNSCH, 1994. Pp. 275.     

Reducing Toxic Chemical Releases and Transfers: Explaining Outcomes for a Voluntary Program

Relatively little is known about the possibilities and limitations of voluntary public programs. The so-called 33/50 Program for reducing releases of certain toxic chemicals into the environment provides a useful instance for examination. In an investigation of toxics-reduction outcomes, with states as units of analysis, economic and policy variables help to explain the results. In particular, channels and approaches used In communicating policy intentions are related to outcomes. Voluntary programs can make a difference, but the details of execution, including the extent and nature of field efforts, influence outcomes.     

Using television: Programme content and need gratification

It is shown that audience members actively select amongst available programmes on television. This selection is based upon the social role and situational characteristics of the viewer and it is also directly related to the reasons given by viewers for watching television.

Patterns of programme selection are related to three clusters of needs and reasons. The two most important of these are composed of needs relating to information and diversion. The least important cluster is concerned with the self and social contact.

Escape and diversion needs are satisfied by almost any programme; selection is minimal by those viewers expressing these needs. Information needs are best satisfied by news and other informational programmes, while social and self needs are best satisfied by quiz and variety programmes, popular drama and movies.     

A Review, Comparison, and Evaluation of Some State & Local Data Handbooks

Bureau of the Census, 1972 Census of Governments
Bureau of the Census, Local Government Finances in Selected Metropolitan Areas and Large Counties: 1974–75
Bureau of the Census, City Government Finances in 1974–75
International City Management Association, The Municipal Year-book, 1977
Paul Albright, ed., The Book of the States, 1976–77     

The moral acceptability of nuclear deterrence: A critique

Theorists within the just war tradition of ethics differ in their conclusions about nuclear warfare and nuclear deterrence. This paper examines three arguments for the conditional moral acceptability of nuclear deterrence—those of the U.S. National Conference of Catholic Bishops in their pastoral letter, of J. Bryan Hehir, and of Michael Walzer—and argues that none of the three constitutes intellectually compelling and practically useful moral advice. The bishops fail to convince us that nuclear use can ever fulfil the requirements of proportionality, and therefore that the intention to use nuclear weapons can ever be justified. Hehir fails to convince us that nuclear deterrence policies in fact distinguish categorically between intention and use. Walzer's case that deterrence is bad but necessary is more convincing but it, like Hehir's, does not constitute coherent moral advice for the citizen, soldier or government official. I conclude that, given the inadequacy of attempts to justify nuclear deterrence, even conditionally, we have a strong moral obligation to pursue alternatives.

The level of citizen concern about the dangerous possibility of nuclear war has become greatly heightened in Europe and the United States in the 1980s. This is probably due to at least three factors: the significant technological developments in nuclear weaponry that have occurred during the last decade, the increased fear of Soviet military strength, and the concentration of recent U.S. administrations on developing and improving a nuclear war‐fighting capability. But even before the growth of the peace movement since 1980, a ‘new debate’ about the morality of nuclear weapons and deterrence policy had begun in academic and theological circles. In this paper, I will analyze three arguments of moral philosophers and theologians, all working within the ‘just war’ tradition, about whether nuclear deterrence, in any form, can be morally justified.     

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature reviewed in this article: Robert Levine, Public Planning Karen Davis, National Health Insurance: Benefits, Costs, and Consequences Martha Derthick, Uncontrollable Spendinq for Social Services Grants Sar A. Levitan and Joyce K. Zickler, The Quest for a Federal Manpower Partnership Kettil Brun, Lynn Pan, and Ingemar Rexed, The Gentlemen's Club: International Control of Drugs and Alcohol Richard L. Rachin and Eugene H. Czajkoski, Drug Abuse Control Timothy H. Hannan, The Economics of Methadone Maintenance Henry J. Aaron, Who Pays the Property-Tax: A New View George F. Break and Joseph A. Pechman, Federal Tax Reform, the Impossible Dream? Robert K. Yin and Douglas Yates, Street-Level Governments: Assessing Decentralization and Urban Services David J. O'Brien, Neighborhood Organization and Interest Group Processes James Q. Wilson, Thinking about Crime W. Henry Lambright, Governinq Science and Technoloqy James L. Sundquist, Dispersing Population: What America Can Learn from Europe     

SYMPOSIUM ON INTRODUCTORY TEXTBOOKS ON PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS

WORLD POLICAL ECONOMY
Robert Gilpin, U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation
Zuhayr Mikdashi, The International Politics of Natural Resources
Mason Willrich, Energy and World Politics
RECENT RELEVANT LITERATURE
J. Clarence Davies III and Barbara S. Davies, The Politics of Pollution
POLICY STUDIES PAPERS FROM NON-POLITICAL SCIENCE CONVENTIONS
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLICY STUDIES BOOKS