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571.
Ryan Walter 《History of European Ideas》2015,41(4):489-506
SummarySeventeenth-century thinking on the relationship between trade and state power was routinely conducted using the concept of state interests, which enabled users to conceive a Europe of competing states that managed the balance of power through trade and war. Poor interest management could arise from ignorance, error, or the divergence between the private interests of rulers and a state's true interests. The stakes of pursuing or neglecting true interest were high: the survival and prosperity of the state. The dominance of ‘mercantilism’ as a historiographical category has obscured the role of interest in early modern thought. This paper examines the work of one of England's most prolific interest writers, Slingsby Bethel, to demonstrate the importance of reading interest writings without recourse to mercantilism. The two focuses are, first, how the rhetoric of counsel was used to defend an ordinary subject's presumption to comment on state affairs and, second, the capacity for interest writers to construe the rise and fall of state power in terms of good laws and statesmanship. 相似文献
572.
“Papists” and Prejudice: Popular Anti‐Catholicism and Anglo‐Irish Conflict in the North East of England, 1845–70. By Jonathan Bush. (Newcastle upon Tyne,England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. Pp. vii, 274. $67.99.)
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Walter L. Arnstein 《The Historian; a journal of history》2015,77(2):378-380
573.
Kenneth E. Sassaman Neill J. Wallis Paulette S. McFadden Ginessa J. Mahar Jessica A. Jenkins Mark C. Donop 《The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology》2017,12(2):173-199
Low-gradient coastlines are susceptible to inundation by rising water, but they also promote marsh aggradation that has the potential to keep pace with sea-level rise. Synergies among hydrodynamics, coastal geomorphology, and marsh ecology preclude a simple linear relationship between higher water and shoreline transgression. As an archive of human use of low-gradient coastlines, archaeological data introduce additional mitigating factors, such as landscape alteration, resource extraction, and the cultural value of place. The Lower Suwannee Archaeological Survey (LSAS) is an ongoing effort to document the history of coastal dwelling since the mid-Holocene, when the rate and magnitude of sea-level rise diminished and the northern Gulf coast of Florida transitioned into an aggradational regime. Results of the first 6 years of the LSAS suggest that multicentury periods of relative stability were punctuated by site abandonment and relocation. Subsistence economies involving the exploitation of oyster and fish, however, were largely unaffected as communities redistributed themselves with changes in shoreline position and estuarine ecology. After AD 200, civic-ceremonial centers were established at several locations along the northern Gulf coast, fixing in place not only the infrastructure of daily living (villages), but also that of religious practice, notably cemeteries and ceremonial mounds. Intensified use of coastal resources at this time can be traced to a ritual economy involving large gatherings of people, terraforming, feasting, and the circulation of socially valued goods. To the extent that religious practices buffered the risks of coastal living, large civic-ceremonial centers, like aggrading marshes, afforded opportunities to “outpace” sea-level rise. On the other hand, centers introduced a permanence to coastal land-use that proved unsustainable in the long term. 相似文献
574.
Kenneth Seligson Tomás Gallareta Negrón Rossana May Ciau George J. Bey III 《Journal of Field Archaeology》2017,42(2):129-141
Powdered lime was one of the most significant materials in the daily lives of the Prehispanic Maya, yet archaeologists have uncovered relatively little evidence of production methods or locales prior to the Spanish conquest. The recent identification of a series of pit-kilns dating to the Late and Terminal Classic periods (ca. a.d. 650–950) in and around the site of Kiuic in the Puuc region of the northern lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula provides the opportunity to investigate a sub-regional Prehispanic lime production technology. Here we present the preliminary excavation results of nine pit-kilns and then describe the experimental reconstruction and firing of a lime pit-kiln. The results indicate that the pit-kilns are more fuel-efficient than the aboveground pyres used during the post-conquest period. This in turn suggests that Prehispanic inhabitants of the Puuc managed their consumption of natural resources for producing lime during a period of sociopolitical, demographic, and environmental stresses. 相似文献
575.
Richard Walter Hallie Buckley Chris Jacomb Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith 《Journal of World Prehistory》2017,30(4):351-376
This paper reintroduces the concept of mass migration into debates concerning the timing and nature of New Zealand’s settlement by Polynesians. Upward revisions of New Zealand’s chronology show that the appearance of humans on the landscape occurred extremely rapidly, and that within decades settlements had been established across the full range of climatic zones. We show that the rapid appearance of a strong archaeological signature in the early 14th century AD is the result of a mass migration event, not the consequence of gradual demographic growth out of a currently unidentified earlier phase of settlement. Mass migration is not only consistent with the archaeological record but is supported by recent findings in molecular biology and genetics. It also opens the door to a new phase of engagement between archaeological method and indigenous Maori and Polynesian oral history and tradition. 相似文献
576.
The stable carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) of tropical lake sediments and soils have been used to reconstruct the occurrence of prehistoric maize cultivation and its relative importance through time. This study assesses some of the possible variables affecting the response of lake sediment bulk organic carbon isotope (δ13CTOC) values to variations in the scale of prehistoric maize cultivation and the potential of this proxy to yield quantitative estimates of the scale of prehistoric maize agriculture in small tropical watersheds. High resolution analyses of δ13CTOC values, maize pollen concentrations, and mineral influx were conducted on sediments deposited during a ∼220 year period of prehistoric maize agriculture in the watershed of Laguna Castilla, a small lake in the mid-elevations of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Close correspondence between δ13CTOC values and maize pollen concentrations in the Laguna Castilla sediment record indicates a close relationship between the isotopic values and the scale of prehistoric maize cultivation. Correlations between the δ13CTOC signature and mineral influx indicate that the isotope record is also sensitive to variations in allochthonous carbon delivery. This study establishes that sedimentary δ13CTOC values can provide a highly sensitive proxy of the spatial scale of prehistoric maize agriculture in small tropical watersheds, but emphasizes the need for a better understanding of sediment dynamics and carbon cycling in anthropogenically modified landscapes before this proxy can be widely employed in diverse archaeological settings. 相似文献
577.
Kenneth G. Kelly 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):388-402
Historical archaeology is a relatively recent development in the French West Indies, in contrast to the Anglophone Americas
where for over 30 years, historical archaeologists have investigated the sites of plantation villages in the United States
and in the Caribbean to seek insights into the ways in which enslaved Africans adapted to and survived the horrors of slavery,
and created unique and vibrant Creole cultures. Although plantations have been archaeologically investigated in the former
French possessions of the United States, their Caribbean counterparts, and particularly the enslaved population who labored
on them, have only recently become a focus of archaeological research. Yet the historical setting and development of plantation
slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean was necessarily distinct from both the British Caribbean and from North American
French colonial establishments. This paper discusses the state of historical archaeology in the French West Indies, with particular
reference to plantation archaeology in Guadeloupe and Martinique. This research identifies some of the unique aspects of the
economic and historical context of slavery on French Caribbean plantations. 相似文献
578.
Abstract: In this article, the author argues that many of thebest practices of oral history reflect phenomenological thinkingeven though practitioners may not describe themselves as usingphenomenological methods. The author suggests that knowledgeand application of phenomenology can clarify or minimize suchpotential problems as interviewer bias and informant unreliabilityand can refute accusations that oral history is less reliablethan history taken from documents. 相似文献
579.
580.
Walter L. Hixson 《外交史》2002,26(4):645-647
Book reviewed in this article:
Jessica C. E. Gienow–Hecht, Transmission Impossible: American Journalism as Cultural Diplomacy inPostwar Germany, 1945–1955 相似文献
Jessica C. E. Gienow–Hecht, Transmission Impossible: American Journalism as Cultural Diplomacy inPostwar Germany, 1945–1955 相似文献