Bone frequencies: differential transport, in situ destruction,and the MGUI

Human transport of bones with high food values, and destruction of bones with low density values are the traditionally invoked explanations of the frequencies of bones in archeological contexts. The manner in which these two explanations have been used suggests archaeologists assume the explanations to be independent of one another. The transport explanation is operationalized as the modified general utility index (MGUI) of Binford, and the destruction explanation is operationalized with measures of bone density. Statistical correlation of the MGUI with bone density, while weak, indicates that many high utility bones have low density values while many low utility bones have high density values. Because low density bones tend to be destroyed more readily than high density bones, inferences of human utility strategies derived from bone frequencies and based on the MGUI may be inaccurate. The utility strategies suggested by three archaeofaunas are compared to bone density, and two of these faunas are shown to potentially be the result of differential destruction and not human transport as measured by the MGUI.     

Embodied bicycle commuters in a car world

As an initiative to increase cycling, bike to work (BTW) events emphasize a pragmatic approach in which people learn through sensory experience. Pragmatism contends that the lived experience of the commuter within fluid geographies of social and physical conditions informs commuting knowledge and behavior. I researched how bicyclists participate in the 2012 BTW event in Lake Tahoe (USA) and how these experiences facilitate the process of becoming bicycle commuters. My study included participant observations, interviews, video observations, and route mapping. I analyzed this data with thematic and narrative analyses. I find that the BTW event illuminates bicycling, a normally invisible practice in a car world, and creates temporary bicycle-friendly spaces that provide the embodied experience and knowledge of bicycle commuting within context. Through this lived experience, participants can break free from unconscious car-based patterns and become embodied bicycle commuters who engage in active renegotiations of their commuting practices.     

东北平原农田防护林网景观的行为地理效应

东北平原农田防护林网是本区广大人民经过十余年的努力共同创造的宏伟景观,对改造自然、保护农业生产起到重要作用,这一独特景观的形成是人类作用于环境的一次积极尝试、并被事实验证是成功的,这一景观形成后在改造自然环境的同时也影响了人们的生产和生活行为,本文旨在根据行为地理学的基本理论初步分析该景观的行为地理效应。     

从《长沙走马楼三国吴简·竹简(壹)》看孙权时期的口钱、算赋制度

由于现存文献缺乏关于孙吴时期实行了秦汉以来长期实行的口钱、算赋制度的明确记载,以致史学界大都认为孙吴政权也同曹魏政权一样实行户调制,取代了秦汉以来的口钱、算赋制度。这种看法未必准确,《长沙走马楼三国吴简·竹简(壹)》所载确证,孙权统治时期的东吴仍在实行汉代以来的口钱、算赋制度。孙吴时期的口钱、算赋征收制度,也是口钱与算赋同时存在和按大小口分别征收,也是算赋为每个成年人每年的征收量为“一算”,这些都是同秦汉时期相同的。孙吴的“更赋”的征收也有与汉制相同的情况。孙吴时期的口钱、算赋制度有某些较汉制的不同之处,由以现金缴纳变成了以实物缴纳的变化,这说明口算赋制度之转变成户调制只是时间问题了。     

济南地区水文环境的演化及其规律研究

济南地表水文环境经历了唐、宋时期大明湖的形成与历水的淤失,金、元时期小清河的开凿与鹊山湖水势的消退,明、清时期护城河体系形成、黄河改道袭夺济水故道以及近、现代城市发展与地表水体的污染等主要阶段。济南地下水文状况在历史时期基本处于稳定状态,近、现代由于遭受各种人文因素的破坏而逐渐恶化,其中南部山区河川径流的破坏导致济南地下水补给量减少,以抽取地下水为主要方式的现代城市供水又导致地下水位下降和泉水的枯竭。济南水文环境的变迁是自然因素和人文因素、区域内部因素和区域外部因等综合作用的结果,具有被动性和不可逆性。     

青铜文物缓蚀剂效率及封护剂抗腐蚀能力的比较研究

为评价青铜文物缓蚀剂效率及封护剂抗腐蚀能力进行了两项电化学实验。一是利用直流腐蚀的极化电阻法对缓蚀效率评价,二是应用恒电位交流阻抗法对涂层的抗腐蚀效率评价。实验表明,复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率优于单一缓蚀剂如AMT、BTA,在模拟中性土壤介质的水溶液中各自缓蚀效率分别为88.7%、94.6%,两者组成复合缓蚀剂后其缓蚀效率高达98.8%,这是发挥其缓蚀剂各组分的协同效应的结果。应用恒电位交流阻抗实验,可以更好地理解附着有封护层时复杂的腐蚀过程。结果表明,石蜡涂层样品的Nyquist谱图出现扩散过程引起的阻抗特征;聚乙烯醇缩丁醛涂层、Paraloid B72涂层、空白样(缓蚀层BTA)三种样品Nyquist谱图均是由于涂层微孔引起的阻抗特征,在同一浓度下其抗腐蚀性能排序呈依次递减趋势。     

Probabilistic Regionalization via Evidence Accumulation with Random Spanning Trees as Weak Spatial Representations

Spatial clusters contain biases and artifacts, whether they are defined via statistical algorithms or via expert judgment. Graph-based partitioning of spatial data and associated heuristics gained popularity due to their scalability but can define suboptimal regions due to algorithmic biases such as chaining. Despite the broad literature on deterministic regionalization methods, approaches that quantify regionalization probability are sparse. In this article, we propose a local method to quantify regionalization probabilities for regions defined via graph-based cuts and expert-defined regions. We conceptualize spatial regions as consisting of two types of spatial elements: core and swing. We define three distinct types of regionalization biases that occur in graph-based methods and showcase the use of the proposed method to capture these types of biases. Additionally, we propose an efficient solution to the probabilistic graph-based regionalization problem via performing optimal tree cuts along random spanning trees within an evidence accumulation framework. We perform statistical tests on synthetic data to assess resulting probability maps for varying distinctness of underlying regions and regionalization parameters. Lastly, we showcase the application of our method to define probabilistic ecoregions using climatic and remotely sensed vegetation indicators and apply our method to assign probabilities to the expert-defined Bailey's ecoregions.     

国内外旅游城镇化研究进展

作为一种特殊类型的城镇化,旅游城镇化已成为新型城镇化的重要抓手,同时也是旅游地理学研究的重要课题。本文在对国内外相关文献综合梳理的基础上,对旅游城镇化的概念内涵、驱动因素、特征与影响进行研究对比与综合评述。通过对上述问题的系统回顾,展示旅游城镇化的发展历程及研究价值,辨明旅游城镇化研究的核心问题,以期为该领域的深入研究提供有力支撑。在当前中国旅游城镇化的消费特征、社会阶层、主客关系、身份认同、城市与文化表征亟需深入探索与案例研究的背景下,国外有关旅游城镇化发展模式与特征的研究成果,对我国未来的旅游城镇化具有重要的指导与借鉴意义。