川端康成《睡美人》解味

《睡美人》为川端康成晚期作品。它的荒诞内容使读者感到困惑。探讨《睡美人》的深层内涵又是把握川康成整个创作不可缺少的。如果我们联系《睡美人》之前的整个川端创作,了解他在其他作品中以不同形式反复演奏的主题,理清其发展脉络,我们会清晰地看到这篇重要作品的坐标。川端从创作伊始就存在的“恋母情结”、“处女崇拜”,在20世纪50年代对“入魔”、“入佛”的阐释,贯穿一生的“生死轮回”思想都在这篇不长的作品中作了川端式的诗意抒发。作品散发现代主义的颓废情调,这是不言而喻的,然而它又体现了川端以东方文化传统对人生哲理的独特思考,全篇充满禅理,为此它又是一篇不容忽视的川端的典型作品。     

Briefe im 19. Jahrhundert als wissenschaftshistorische Quelle. Dargestellt am Beispiel des Briefwechsels des Apothekers A. P. J. Du Menil (1777–1852)

The aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance of scientific communication of pharmacists in the 19th century. 89 letters were analysed both written received by August Peter Julius Du Menil (1777–1852). In the paper also a summary is given about the importance of extensive activity of the pharmacist Du Menil. He was be in correspondence with 39 scientists, for instance 13 physicans and 12 pharmacists. The letters are an interesting document about scientific community in the 19th century.     

The evolution of strength,elasticity and rupture behaviour of birch tar made with ‘double-pot’ techniques during tar cooking

Birch tar was the first adhesive produced by humans. Its study has consequences for our understanding of human evolution and the development of specialised craftsmanship. One of the better-documented birch tar making methods is the ‘double-pot’ technique, where two containers are used, one containing bark, the other collecting the tar. Birch tar made with double-pots has low viscosity and bad adhesive properties. To obtain a usable adhesive, it must be reduced in volume by cooking. We investigate the evolution of tar’s mechanical properties during cooking. We use lap-shear tests to investigate strength, stiffness and failure behaviour. We found that tar must be cooked for 90 min to acquire adhesive properties. When cooked for longer, strength and stiffness increase over a 30 min lasting time span. Cooking for even longer, beyond this 30 min window, produced a substance that could no longer be used as an adhesive. The implications are that tar cooking requires a high level of skill because specific signs indicating the desired properties must be recognised during the process. Tar cooking constitutes a supplementary investment in time and resources and appears to be associated with a certain degree of risk.     

Mortars in context: An integrated study of mortars and plasters from the so-called Ginnasio in Solunto (Sicily,Italy)

This paper presents a multipronged scientific study of mortars and plasters of the so-called Ginnasio in the Hellenistic–Roman city of Solunto (Sicily, Italy). A selection of 16 well-contextualized samples was collected to represent different functions and building phases of this private house. The results show that a variety of locally available raw materials was used as aggregates and to produce binders. The diversity of raw materials’ sources and production techniques identified in this study reveals the advanced technological knowledge of the builders of Solunto, indicating a complex relationship between the settlement's cityscape and its surrounding landscape.     

浅谈新疆旅游资源的开发

本文通过对新疆旅游资源的特点、开发条件的分析,提出了对策和措施。     

侵华日军在中国战地的“征发”

近代日本政府与军部对战地"征发"的法理认识,既来自其自身对战时国际法的理解,也来自战地日军的实际需要。在吸收战时国际法的过程中,日本制定了一系列于敌国战地"征发"的规则,设计了战地"征发"的模式,巧妙地糅入了其自身的利益诉求,意图使其在他国领土上对物资、劳力的掠取行为获得合理性。然而现实中侵华日军在中国战地的"征发",与日本军政当局所设想的模式大相径庭。通过考察日本士兵在战地"征发"的实相并分析其"征发"的心理构造,能够毫无辩驳地证明"征发"的侵略本质。     

中世纪前期的英国封建王权与基督教会

中世纪前期英国封建王权与基督教会的关系 ,处于“二元统一、对立”的状态中。从总体上看 ,英国封建王权和基督教会基于共同利益的政治联合 ,必然居于支配地位 ,而双方权益的纷争则处于从属地位 ,最后常常以相互妥协而告结束。这种看似矛盾而实则存在合理性的状态 ,稳定着英国封建社会的统治秩序 ,推动着社会的发展。     

民族地区推进农业结构战略性调整的初步探讨

丹东少数民族地区整个农业产业结构得到不同程度的调整和改善．但也存在许多问题,诸如农产品技术构成低,总体质量不高．农业基础薄弱．市场建设滞后等。为此提出农业结构凋整的几点思考。     

在其他宗教影响下的萨满教命运

萨满教是发展程度较低的社会生活产物,适应比较封闭、保守、发展速度比较缓慢的社会生活方式。一旦信仰萨满教的少数民族由于政治、社会多种原因与其他民族发生广泛的交往、交流关系,外来宗教就会对萨满教产生重大影响．本论述了萨满教在外来宗教影响下从抵触到适应的变化过程。