社会规模与早期政治权力结构的演化

我们曾经提出，在古代，规模是决定一个社会政治权力结构性质的最为重要的因素；规模大的社会，都实行专制政治；只有在规模小的社会里，才发现有非专制政治的存在。但是，怎么解释，在同样范围内规模的不同性质的社会，出现不同性质政治权力结构的现象呢？本文认为，在决定政治权力结构性质方面，规模虽然是最为重要的因素，但并非惟一的因素，并且，它的重要性主要表现在框架性或者底层平台性作用上，这需要一个长时间段才能够观察得到。在历史发展的具体过程中，在某个空间点与时间点上，完全可以是其他某个或者某些因素起着决定性的作用。此外，应该注意，在决定政体形态意义上，用来判断一个社会规模“大”或者“小”的标准，是随着人类控制自然与社会的能力的变化而变化的。     

二十一世纪西方“比较城市研究”进展与述评

进入21世纪以来,伴随南半球城市快速发展,以及全球尺度的区域和城市间经济、社会、政治联系的加强,全球城市化景观持续重构,展现出多元发展特征,对传统城市理论的解释范式提出了新挑战。在此背景下,西方的比较城市研究开始复兴,尤其关注南半球城市经验,探索城市理论与研究范式的转型与建构,并成为城市研究的热点。为了把握国际城市研究前沿,本文通过详细解读相关文献并结合CiteSpace引文空间分析,全面梳理了21世纪西方比较城市研究的最新进展,评述和解析比较城市研究的概念、发展进程、研究方向和理论成果。希望以此拓展国际视野,为中国城市理论建设提供参考和借鉴。     

青铜粉状锈中生物因素的影响

本文探讨了青铜粉状锈中生物因素的影响。实验结果表明：微生物在青铜腐蚀中起了促进作用。     

Democratization and museum policy in South Korea

ABSTRACT

This article examines the two distinct historical policy paths taken by the South Korean government in the late twentieth century towards the democratization of museums. One was based on the creation of a museological public sphere as an extension of the political democratization movement of the 1980s. This demonstrated the potential to become a valuable component of the wider incipient national public sphere within which civic subjects could discuss their individual and collective historical memories. However, despite this potential, a museological public sphere failed to influence the general trajectory of national policy regarding the democratization of museums that had been in development since the early 1980s. This other policy path towards cultural democratization was triggered by the award of the Seoul Olympics in 1981. It was based on public participation and entitled the ‘cultural Olympics’. An important strategy of the cultural Olympics was the construction of a new institutional infrastructure to expand the public right to enjoy culture. This path facilitated an increasing entanglement with neoliberalism in 1990s. Finally, the 1997 IMF crisis furthered the association between a superficial idea of democratization through institutional expansion and the practices of neoliberalism, a trend which continues within South Korean museum policy today.     

Microstructural and Componential Characterization of the Plating Technology on Chinese Han Dynasty Bronze Fragments

The bronze wares of the Han Dynasty excavated in Chongqing are decorated with plating patterns, maintaining an exquisite lustre right up to modern times after the covering patina is cleared away. In this paper, a plated fragment of the Han Dynasty from the Wushan County Museum was characterized by combining optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), X‐ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the bronze fragment was gilded with a ~ 3 μm thick gilded layer and a ~ 20 μm thick silvered layer. The high concentration of Hg and Hg‐rich intermetallic compounds confirmed the existence of mercury gilding/silvering technology, for example, Au₉Hg in the gilded layer and Ag₁₃Hg₇ in the silvered layer. An ordered stripe structure was observed in the gilded surface, corresponding to the formation of rod‐like, intermetallic Au–Hg compounds. Specifically, a high concentration of Au was detected in the silvered layer. The exploration of gilded/silvered bronze casts light on this ancient technology and the benefit of identifying, protecting and reproducing it.     

震旦博物院与近代上海的科学知识传播

伴随西方殖民主义和帝国主义的"西学东渐"具有多样性和复杂性的特质。1930—1952年间震旦博物院在上海的科学知识传播工作即体现了西方科学在异质文化中柔性扩张的具体历史过程。震旦博物院通过科学出版活动,将其在中国完成的地域性标本收集成果纳入欧洲科学知识体系;通过科学教育工作,培养出一批在"文化相遇"氛围中成长起来的中国天主教精英;通过科学知识普及,繁荣上海城市文化,增进中国社会对西方文化和宗教的了解。怀有极度文化自信感和优越感的耶稣会士以震旦博物院为中心开展"文化移植"并试图改造中国,客观上也促进了上海科学文化的近代化进程。     

英印殖民时期的缅甸华人及其政治参与——从1923年仰光华社迎接英印总督访缅谈起

论文利用中英文资料,以仰光唐人街为出发点,探讨缅华社会从19世纪中期开始,在殖民地多元种族下的传承和变迁。尤其借助1923—1924年英印总督访缅这一背景事件,剖析华社在这一帝国正式场合上的表现和各方反应,并借此探讨20世纪20年代缅华社区的结构、冲突和转型及其与殖民地主流社会的政治互动,展现缅华这一个既有南洋华侨华人共性又不失本土特色的亚洲移民群体及其殖民经历。     

Amplification and sequencing of Trichuris trichiura ancient DNA extracted from archaeological sediments

Despite high prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection, PCR-based analysis on T. trichiura from archaeological samples has not been established so far. In the present study, we sought to perform PCR-based amplification of T. trichiura aDNA using the sediments from medieval tomb of Korea. The presence of Trichuris eggs were first detected by microscopic observation; then confirmed by PCR-based aDNA analysis. Obtained sequence showed 100% homology to that of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSUrRNA) gene of T. trichiura but distinct from that of other Trichuris species. PCR-based aDNA analysis in this study can serve as effective method to confirm the presence of T. trichiura eggs in the soils or coprolites collected from archaeological sites.