朝贡制度与东亚地区传统国际秩序——以16-19世纪的明清王朝为中心

东亚地区传统国际秩序应称"封贡体系"较为周全。封贡关系的要义在于"事大"与"字小"。从中国明清王朝与朝鲜、琉球、越南等属国关系看,朝贡制度也是双边贸易、文化交流、边疆管控以及司法合作的基本机制,而在属国遭遇国家安全危机时,作为"上国"的明清王朝也积极进行政治外交和军事上的援救行动。不过,朝贡制度旨在建立"上国"与"属国"之间的主从关系,各个"属国"之间并没有围绕"上国"而形成合作联盟。因此,它在近代难以抗衡运用条约体系的西方列强以及日本在东亚地区的扩张。     

辽金元的夏捺钵——“阿延川”、“上京”及“爪忽都”辨

辽、金、元三朝皇帝每年皆例行驻夏活动,习称"夏捺钵",并在国家政治生活中占有举足轻重的地位,其中以炭山避暑最为引人注目。作者从四库本宋元文献中所见"阿延川"、"上京"两名入手,认为"阿延川"本作"爱阳川","上京"实乃"上陉"之误,两地皆位于炭山(金莲川草原)范围,并对清人认为"爪忽都"亦指金莲川的观点提出了不同的意见。     

清末民国新疆哈密民田与维汉关系

考察新疆哈密民田是了解近代哈密社会变迁的一条有效途径。道光年间,在林则徐主持下哈密出现了第一块民田。民国初年,哈密屯田民田化使民田面积进一步扩展。20世纪30年代,哈密回王世袭特权被取消,札萨克制下的土地朝民田方向发展。同时,哈密县政府限制清真寺的世俗权力,维吾尔人与汉人之间开始民田买卖,逐渐形成"你中有我,我中有你"的经济关系。     

东方朔故里小考

平原厌次归属地问题,长期争论不休。一说平原厌次为今山东陵县神头镇,一说平原厌次为今山东惠民县。连大型辞书《辞海》也莫衷一是。根据历史文献记载及最新考古文物发现,可以断定东方朔故里在今山东陵县神头镇。     

大冶香炉山遗址采集炉渣初步研究

对湖北省大冶市香炉山遗址采集的20个炉渣样品进行了扫描电镜检测,发现了炼制锑青铜、锡铅青铜、生铁的炉渣。重点对锡铅青铜的冶炼流程进行了推断,认为该遗址首先使用伴生有铅镍砷等元素的铜矿石进行还原冶炼,再添加锡料生产以锡铅为主要合金元素并含有镍砷的青铜,先后排出不含锡和含锡的两种高铁型炉渣。香炉山遗址出现的青铜生产证据,预示着大冶地区可能存在着相当规模的有别于中原的早期青铜产业,对探讨鄂东南地区早期冶金技术与当地文明的演进关系具有重要意义。     

An analysis of spatial patterns of toponyms in Guangdong,China

The unique geographical environment and the historical waves of immigration of the northern Han Chinese to the Lingnan region have contributed to the development of a complex and unique culture in Guangdong Province. Four ancient ethnic groups, the Zhuang, Cantonese, Hoklo and Hakka, have resided in this area for centuries. As an important part of local culture, toponyms often survive changes in history and can reveal the temporal differences between the past and present in landforms and the spatial differences in the distribution of different ethnic group populations. In this study, two goals were sought: (1) the adoption of spatial smoothing and interpolation methods to reveal the spatial patterns of the Zhuang, Cantonese, Hoklo and Hakka toponyms based on comparisons among the proportions of those who speak various languages and (2) the investigation of the differences among toponymic layers under regional environmental conditions and the influences of geographic factors using an independent samples t-test and a binary logistic regression.     

Crowdsourcing Model Research for the Identification of Post-Earthquake Rescue Objects

The quick and accurate identification of post-earthquake rescue objects can minimize the casualties and property loss caused by earthquakes. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, rescue objects can be identified through high-resolution remote sensing images. There are two main categories of approaches to identify rescue object through high-resolution images: automatic extraction by a computer and visual judgment by professionals. Although results can be obtained quickly by using automatic extraction, the accuracy of the results is unacceptably low. For visual judgment, the large demands for time and professionals restrict its wide practical application. In this study, we introduce crowdsourcing into the identification of post-earthquake rescue objects. First, we integrate the advantages of the computer and crowdsourcing, which means that the computer takes advantage of the speed of information processing, while crowdsourcing makes full use of human recognition capabilities. Second, we take visual judgment tasks out of the hands of professionals and entrust the tasks to workers in a crowdsourcing platform. Not only are the human resources infinite, but we can also improve the efficiency of identifying rescue objects. Third, we propose a crowdsourcing model that improves the quality of the results and saves human resources. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that our solution is feasible.     

Bayesian Parameter Identification and Model Selection for Normalized Modulus Reduction Curves of Soils

This work develops a procedure that involves the use of Bayesian approach to quantify data scatterness, estimates the optimal values of model parameters, and selects the most appropriate model for the construction of normalized modulus reduction curves of soils. The proposed procedure is then demonstrated using real observation data based on a set of comprehensive resonant column tests on coarse-grained soils conducted in the study.