张学良与九一八事变再探讨

基于中国国力不及日本、迷信和平和保存实力等因素考虑,九一八事变发生后,张学良在没有得到蒋介石和国民政府的明确指示下,自行实行不抵抗政策,致使沈阳失守,东北沦陷。由于在对日看法上,张学良与蒋介石观点基本一致;二人对九一八事变的处理又合作无间,所以,张学良和蒋介石对东北沦陷都应负责。论对狭义的九一八事变的处理,张学良应负直接责任;论对广义的九一八事变的处理,蒋介石则应负主要责任。但蒋、张之“不抵抗政策”,非为不抗日,而是何时抗日、如何抗日的问题。     

河南禹州瓦店遗址出土植物遗存分析

《河南禹州瓦店遗址出土植物遗存分析》是一篇浮选报告。浮选法是通过考古发掘获取古代植物遗存的最为有效的手段。通过在瓦店遗址开展的浮选工作,获得了丰富的属于龙山时代的炭化植物遗存,其中包括了粟、黍、水稻、小麦和大豆五种农作物。通过量化分析发现,在出土的农作物品种中,粟和水稻的出土概率几乎相当,这说明,北方旱作农业的代表作物～粟和南方稻作农业的代表作物～水稻,在瓦店遗址的龙山时代的农业生产中是同等重要的。文章从文化因素和环境背景两个方面对这一现象进行了分析,认为文化因素可能起到了更大的作用。瓦店浮选结果中发现了原产于西亚的小麦,说明至迟在距今4500年前后小麦已经传入中原的腹心地区。     

A FAMOUS TIBETAN DOCTOR IN EAST TIBET

<正>As deputy president,he has been working in the clinical department for 12 years.His daily clinical consultations average up to 50 patients.In one year,he attends over ten thousand patients. He is Dr.Jampa Gelek,a famous senior Tibetan doctor working as deputy president in the Tibetan Hospital of Chamdo Prefecture.For many years,his outstanding medical knowledge, skills and high medical ethics are well known in the east of Tibet.     

中山国王■墓及其陪葬墓出土玉器研究

■墓及其陪葬墓出土的大量精美玉器,为我们了解和研究中山国玉器的基本风貌提供了可靠的实物资料。笔者认为,不同的埋藏位置及环境造成了出土玉器不同的品类和现状,本文按出土位置的不同,分别对■墓椁室、西库和陪葬墓所出玉器进行了分析和比较,并就中山国玉器的特点及工艺风格做了简单论述。     

Consideration of Proximity in Selection of Residential Location by Science and Technology Workers: Case Study of Hsinchu,Taiwan

The Hsinchu district has been one of the most rapidly developing areas of Taiwan during the past decade. The rise of the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP) has significantly influenced population growth and living environment in the Hsinchu district. To obtain new knowledge via knowledge proliferation activities that occur following knowledge innovation, science and technology workers have been established based on the proximity of informal social network interactions and the existence of a common culture. Based on social, identified and cognitive proximities, this investigation examines whether science and technology workers directly assess their living environment while considering housing purchases, seeking information and making residential location decisions. This investigation employs regression analysis to examine the correlation between individual proximity factors and spatial proximity, based on the hypothesis that individual proximity influences residential location choices of science and technology communities. The study results indicate that the housing choice behaviours of the science and technology community follow two proximity paths, that is, internal and external proximity factors. Consequently, the pull created by individual proximity has slowed the spatial expansion of the Hsinchu region.     

Industrial Policy in the 21st Century

Industrial policy is back at the centre stage of policy debate, while the world is undergoing dramatic transformations. This article contributes to the debate by developing a new theory of industrial policy, incorporating some issues that have been neglected so far and taking into account the recent changes in economic reality. The authors explore how the incorporation of some of the neglected issues — commitments under uncertainty, learning in production, macroeconomic management (especially demand management), and conflict management — changes the theory. They then examine how the theory of industrial policy should be modified in light of recent changes in economic reality: the rise of the global value chain, financialization and new imperialism. This contribution aims at promoting a pragmatic approach to industrial policy and pointing to new areas for policy intervention in a changing world.     

How Different are Emerging Multinationals' Views of Economic Integration in Europe? A Case Study of Korean Automobile Manufacturers' Strategic Reactions

This study is a survey of Korean automobile manufacturers in Europe, which examines the different perceptions of emerging multinationals to economic integration and the subsequent strategic reactions relating to their particular characteristics. The findings show dissimilar patterns and motivations for Korean automotive foreign direct investment (FDI) when compared to those of established multinationals, which are conceptualized as a pre-emptive strategic advance, particularly in relation to the changing ownership endowments and negative perceptions of the single European market. These finding imply that conventional variables are unlikely to be applicable to emerging multinationals and show the need to segregate them from other multinationals when formulating industrial policies and firm-level competing strategies.     

Tradition and Christianity: Controversial Funerals and Concepts of the Person among the Paiwan,Taiwan

This essay focuses on the complex and dynamic relationships between tradition and Christianity among the Paiwan, an Austronesian‐speaking people in Taiwan. The ethnography comes from a village in which adherents of traditional religion and Presbyterians live in the same area, but in separate quarters. They have close kinship and marriage ties; however, the funeral constitutes a major area of controversy and tension. I juxtapose their contrasting representations of death and funerals to highlight their differences and trace the source of their conflict to the ideological domain of concepts of the person. I argue that the differences in their funerals can be explained by the differences in the ways the two groups articulate two versions of the person. Adherents of traditional religion emphasize the holistic side of the person by calling the spirit of the deceased to reunite with the living, whereas Presbyterians stress the individualistic side of the person and maintain the boundary between the living and the dead. I propose that it is the co‐existence of two distinct concepts of the person and the different ways of articulating those concepts which shape the dynamic but often contradictory relationship between tradition and Christianity.