浅析我国的家务劳动补偿制度

我国《婚姻法》第40条规定：“夫妻书面约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产归各自所有,一方因抚育子女、照顾老人、协助另一方工作等付出较多义务的,离婚时有权向另一方请求补偿,另一方应当予以补偿。”该紊规定首次从法律上肯定了家务劳动的价值,使经济地位较弱而付出较多家庭义务的家庭成员在离婚时享有了经济上的补偿,填补了我国婚姻法在这一领域的空白。但由于该制度自身存在的不足,致使实践中可操作性不强,就此本文从家务劳动补偿的适用范围、家务劳动的量化标准等方面提出几点建议。     

从信仰到信：美国民俗学的民间宗教研究

从记录整理零碎片段的迷信观念,到把握民间信仰的文化整体,再到关注民众日常生活中的活态宗教实践,美国民俗学的民间宗教研究在过去60年中发生了根本性变化。作为民俗研究的一个重要领域,这和民俗学学科研究范式从文本到表演,到实践的整体转型密切相关,和代表性的表演理论既本质关联又有所差异。通过分析不同时期代表性学者对民间宗教信仰的界定与研究,可以勾勒出该领域基本理论视角和方法论变迁的学术史轨迹。     

Phylogeography of einkorn landraces in the Mediterranean basin and Central Europe: population structure and cultivation history

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) was one of the first cereals to be domesticated in the Old World ca. 10,000 years ago and to spread towards Europe and North Africa. Its cultivation declined before the Iron Age and it remains today only as a relic crop in remote areas. To investigate if the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in modern einkorn landrace accessions could be informative about the movement of this crop during prehistory, we genotyped 50 accessions of einkorn from Europe, North Africa and the Near East. Using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites and clustering methods, we detected two main gene pools in einkorn. The distribution of these lineages revealed differences between accessions from Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe and the Near East and suggests different regional dynamics in the spread of this crop.     

Repertoires of Family Life and the Anchoring of Afghan Trading Networks in Ukraine

This article examines the “repertories” of family life of men of Afghan background in Odessa, Ukraine. It focuses on these men's intimate relationships with “local women” and challenges the notion that such unions merely offer a form of emotional escape for migrants or refugees far from home. Instead, we advance two arguments: first, that Afghan men in Ukraine form part of a complex transnational trading network, rather than a bounded group of refugees or migrants; second, that the cross-community relationships between Afghan men and “local women” play a significant role in the spatial anchoring and commercial fortunes of transnational Afghan traders in Ukraine. In the analysis of our ethnographic data, we consider the importance of the aftermath of the Cold War in shaping the diverse forms of family life within these trading networks.     

A high-resolution electron microscopic and energy-dispersive spectroscopic study on the molecular mechanism underpinning the natural preservation of 2300 Y.O. naturally-mummified human remains and the occurrence of small-sized [Zn][Al]Carbon spheres

In this paper we use Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy to characterize the surface of the skin of a 2300 YO, naturally-preserved mummy, belonging to a two-year and eight month girl (“Pepita”), found inside a cave located in Altamira, Querétaro, México (21°40′–20°01′; 99°03′–100°36′). The cave was found in Sierra Gorda, an orographic region with a relief of sedimentary origin from the Gulf of Mexico, composed by high mountains with altitude values surpassing 3000 m above sea level, with ample and steep canyons, and a prominent role on the exploitation and distribution of cinnabar (HgS). The skin showed the presence of small-sized spherules, containing Al (≤43%) in the most exposed region (5–10 μm depth). Thin layers and structural microdomains covered small and large spheres. Structures conformed by stacked, nano-sized particles located far-from-the bunches contained C (≤45%), Zn and Si (≤10%), and minor amounts of Ca (≤2.6%). By contrast, regions between spheres contained high amounts of Ca (≤23%) and Al (≤15%), but lacked Zn and Si. Carbon spheres showed two distinctive composition, a signature that their formation might have occurred in a least two different stages via concentric growth mechanisms, with the incorporation of Zn and Al at a later stage. [Zn][Al]Carbon spheres showed morphology and growth patterns that compared to those resulting from the hydrothermal carbonization by Fe²⁺ ions under mild conditions, suggesting a common mechanism of formation. Textural changes of thin films found between [Zn][Al]Carbon spheres were attributed to differences in viscosity, which might have contributed to increases in functionality and specific surface area (by means of decreases in size) and, in turn, facilitating the sequestration of biomolecules. We propose that the presence of [Zn][Al]Carbon spheres provides protection against bacterial and UV attack. The physical properties of these spheres helped entrap biomolecules. Taken together, these factors contributed to the preservation of Pepita.     

British Merchants in New Markets: The Case of Wylie and Hancock in Brazil and the River Plate,c. 1808–19

In 1808, after the Portuguese royal family was forced to leave Portugal and move to Brazil, Brazilian ports were opened to British merchant houses, which were quick to open offices in the likes of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1810 there were probably over 200 British merchant houses operating in Brazil, but we know very little about them because most of their historical records have not survived. In addition, scholars have assumed that, on account of the dominant British economic power, the establishment of new mercantile houses in South America c. 1808–19 was an easy task. This assumption is challenged in this paper, which sheds new light on the activities of one of these British merchant houses, making use of a recently discovered business collection concerned with the activities of Wylie & Hancock, a Scottish house which operated in Brazil and the River Plate from 1808 to 1819. These papers also provide a unique insight into neglected topics such as: the nature of managerial mercantile organisations; what the economic actors at the time actually did and thought; and how strategic and tactical choices were reached.     

夜市，城市的一门“生意”

对于一个城市．旅游业应该讲求商机的“务实”,夜市其实是一门“生意”,而且．可以是门庞大的生意。台湾旅游观光协会曾做过一项调查:“旅客对台湾印象最深,最流连忘返的去处并非华丽的购物商场或是名山胜水,而是夜市。”的确．台湾从北部到南部,大大小小的夜市不计其数．其夜市文化自成一格．很具地方特色．既是小吃的集散地．也聚集着各种各样售卖流行服饰、手工艺品的摊贩。     

激荡融合 光耀千秋—从文物看历史上民族地区与中原的文化碰撞

为了迎接2008年奥运会,由首都博物馆与湖南省博物馆共同承办,联合国内几十家博物馆共同举办了大型展览中国记忆—五千年文明瑰宝展。相对与之前一些大型文物展,此次展览选取的169件国家级文物瑰宝中,有相当一部分反映了历史上民族融合、碰撞的几个重要历史阶段,特别从艺术、宗教信仰方面,凸现了中华文明海纳百川,多元文化交流,