Julia Gillard's Citizens' Assembly Proposal for Australia: A Deliberative Democratic Analysis

Many governments have embraced the rhetoric of inclusive citizen engagement. Greater public involvement promises to strengthen democratic institutions and improve the quality of policy decisions and services. How do these aspirations sit alongside the reality of Australian federal politics? This article investigates the responses of elite policy actors to the Gillard government's proposal to conduct a citizens’ assembly on climate change in 2010. Drawing on over 200 media articles, the authors identify a series of procedural, institutional and political objections raised by elite commentators against the citizens’ assembly proposal. Many of these objections have little basis in the experience of deliberative designs in practice. Some, however, reflect the challenge of realising inclusive, deliberative governance in highly politicised contexts.

很多政府对公民广泛参与的说辞爱不释手。更大程度上的公共参与有助于强化民主体制,改善政策及服务的质量。这种渴望与澳大利亚联邦政治的现实相处如何呢？本文考察了政策精英对杰拉德政府倡议在2010年召开的气候变化公民大会的反应。本文浏览了200多篇媒体文章,发现了这些人从程序、体制、政治等等方面反对公民大会的倡议。不少反对意见在精心设计的实践经验中并没多少基础。但有些却反映了高度政治化的语境中正在实现的广泛参与所构成的挑战。     

Boundaries are Made for Crossing: The feminized spatiality of Puerto Rican Espiritismo in New York City

Espiritismo is a system of ritual healing indigenous to the Caribbean. Nearly 3 years of fieldwork in an Espiritismo worshipping community in Manhattan has produced a rich and textured source of ethnographic information that is analyzed in terms of its feminized spatiality. The central figure in this community is Maria; the priestess/medium who negotiates the exigencies of this world and the world of the spirits through trance-possession performance. Her articulation of Espiritismo uses the boundaries between self and community, male and female, Catholic and non-Catholic, the human world and the spirit world, and racial identities as resources for solving problems of well-being such as poor health, lost love, and economic deprivation for herself and her community of devotees. Maria's body is the primary site where these issues are resolved in that her body (re)presents, (re)produces and (re)valorizes the Espiritismo community's use of (in)visibility, particularity, trance-possession and inclusivity as a means for healing everyday problems in familiar spaces.     

The Australian Assistance Plan and the Canadian Connection: Origins and Legacies

Within the context of the war on poverty and an acknowledgement of the wider global phenomenon of a ‘post-industrial society’, the Australian Labor Party under Gough Whitlam sought out a range of reforming and innovative social policy programs. This article explores the origins of one such program, the Australian Assistance Plan (AAP), and its connections, similarities and differences to the Canada Assistance Plan. Drawing on extensive archival and oral history sources, it offers a comparative analysis of both national programs, then outlines how international social planning and community development ideas, especially from Canada, infused the AAP and its predecessor, the Geelong Experiment.     

From clay to metal: culture change and container usage among the Bariba of northern Bénin,West Africa

The Bariba are the dominant ethnic group in the culturally heterogeneous northern provinces of the modern state of Bénin. Recent decades have witnessed dramatic changes in some aspects of Bariba material culture, while others have remained more stable. An investigation of change and stability in Bariba material culture, with particular attention to containers, reveals that the dynamics of cultural pluralism, an heterogeneous array of innovative and conservative beliefs and practices, register as much in the material as in the non-material domains of Bariba life. Because containers are ubiquitous in late prehistoric and historical societies, they constitute a key monitor of change for archaeologists. Evaluation of container change in this living culture highlights some of the challenges facing archaeologists working exclusively with material remains.

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Résumé Les Bariba sont le groupe ethnique qui prédomine dans les provinces culturellement hétérogènes du nord de l'état moderne du Bénin. Pendant les dernières décennies certains aspects de la culture matérielle des Bariba ont changé de façon dramatique, tandis que d'autres sont restés plus stables. Une investigation des changements et de la stabilité dans la culture matérielle des Bariba, avec des recherches spéciales concernant les récipients, révèle que les dynamiques du pluralisme culturel—un étalage hétérogène de croyances et de pratiques innovatrices et conservatrices—sont visibles aussi bien dans les domaines matériels de la vie des Bariba que dans les domaines non-matériels. Puisque les récipients se trouvent partout dans les sociétés historiques et de la fin de la préhistoire, ils constituent pour les archéologues un indice-clef de changements. L'évaluation des changements des récipients dans cette culture vivante met en relief certains des problèmes que doivent affronter les archéologues qui travaillent uniquement sur les vestiges matériels.