Millet microremains—an alternative approach to understand cultivation and use of critical crops in Prehistory

The term “millets” is used to identify several genera of grasses (Poaceae), most of which belong to the subfamily Panicoideae. Millets are one of the major food sources in arid and semi-arid areas of the world and they have been important crops in the prehistory of Africa and Eurasia. In this paper, we discuss phytoliths and starch grains from two of the less studied major millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) as well as from some small millet species that are not normally considered of much importance (so-called forgotten millets: Digitaria ciliaris, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa frumentacea, Brachiaria ramosa, Setaria pumila and Setaria verticillata). The preliminary results of this study on phytolith morphology, both at single and joined (silica skeletons) morphotypes, and starch grains show great potentials for the identification of different genus or species on the basis of microremains.     

The Labor of (Re)reading Plantation Landscapes Fungible(ly)

This article centers Saidiya Hartman's and Hortense Spillers' theorizations of Black fungibility as well as two speculative visual works in order to read Black bodies on plantation landscapes as symbols of transition, process, genderlessness and boundarylessness. I argue that reading Black bodies in this way breaks with the totalizing visual, conceptual and ontological regime of labor that tends to over determine Blackness within critical theories. Two visual fields help me with this counter read: William Gerrard De Brahm's 1757 “Map of South Carolina and a Part of Georgia”, as well as Julie Dash's 1991 images of the porous indigo‐stained hands of former slaves who worked indigo in the film Daughters of the Dust. While these two images oppose one another, their visual conventions enable a break with colonial and humanist scopic regimes like “Black labor” that tend to subsume multiple and intricate processes into the governing logic of labor.     

On the True Nature of the Contorniate Medals

The Archaeological Institute came into being in 1845 as a rival to the British Archaeological Association, itself founded 1843–44. Departing significantly from the contemporary traditions of established antiquarian societies, both held annual summer meetings thereafter. These introduced authoritative speakers, new discoveries and historical interpretations to a wider public, conference proceedings being published for a while in bespoke volumes. High-status congresses became but one element of an ongoing bitter competitive rivalry dividing the two bodies during their formative years. Preliminary examination of conference reports 1845–1850 offers some explanation as to why the societies were not easily to be reconciled. Both usefully lobbied for greater government responsibility in conservation, and for a better public understanding of the national past. Though neither readily accepted a Three Age System for pre-Roman Britain, both promoted scholarly standards for archaeology and architectural history. The 1850 Oxford meeting was the first purely archaeological congress held at an English University. Its success helped mark the Institute as the premier archaeological society of the day.     

Seeing what you know: Changing constructions and perceptions of landscape in Epirus,Northwestern Greece, 1945 and 1990

This paper considers how current understandings of historical events, past practices and movements of the people of Pogoni in Epirus, Northwestern Greece, informs the way they currently visually perceive their physical and social landscape. Taking two periods, marked as prior to 1945 and up to 1990, the paper explores, with the use of maps showing different temporal versions of the visual perception of the area, the combination of social, historical and spatial elements which combined to generate Pogoni people's perception of their “place”;. It argues that the current experience of place emphasises both the visual and historical aspects of it (through notions such as “cultural heritage"). In this context, what people “see”; is the combined outcome of particular reconstructions of past relations and movements around the place, overlaid with current practices, experiences and movements through the place.     

Teaching Archaeological Pasts in South Africa: Historical and Contemporary Considerations of Archaeological Education

This paper discusses the history and trending of archaeological education in South Africa, a set of frameworks wherein primary and secondary level students instrumentalize archaeology to investigate and debate their pasts. Archaeological education has existed thus far as a conversation among archaeologists and a footnote in the national curriculum. I present the first cohesive treatment of these projects. I examine attendant conflicts and obstacles, drawn partly from my involvement in two South African projects but illustrating issues that I believe have global resonance. I submit that archaeological education entails engagements that hold serious ramifications for archaeological ethics, practice, and epistemology.     

Cultural quarters and urban regeneration – the case of Cathedral Quarter Belfast

Elements of culture and cultural policy have now become firmly integrated within urban design and regeneration practice. Culture is recognised as a driver of economic renewal and many cities have utilised culture as an additional means of achieving regeneration outcomes through the application of designated cultural quarters. This study provides a critical evaluation of the regeneration and development of Cathedral Quarter Belfast, exploring the integration of cultural and economic strategies to encourage greater cultural provision and economic development as well as examining the role of culture as a catalyst in the regeneration process. It does so by utilising a mixed methodology incorporating qualitative key informant interviews and a quantitative survey of visitors to the quarter. This research examines and challenges existing theories in relation to culture-led regeneration making a valuable contribution to the literature on the application of cultural quarters and identifies areas for further investigation.     

Roll Call Votes on Cabinet Confirmations

Studies of cabinet nominations by the Senate have focused on the process and the outcomes of cabinet confirmation votes in the Senate, while the individual votes of senators have received little attention. This study examines roll call votes on all cabinet nominations since 1969 in an effort to explore the effects political and personal factors have on senators' votes on cabinet confirmations. Three basic conclusions emerge: the most significant influences on senators' confirmation votes are personal factors, especially perceptions of the nominee being a policy extremist; negatives matter more than positives; and there are partisan differences, as presidential party senators have a higher probability of voting to confirm when allegations of wrongdoing are made.