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101.
Juan José García-Granero Charusmita Gadekar Irene Esteban Carla Lancelotti Marco Madella 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2017,9(2):251-263
The exploitation of lithic resources was an important aspect of prehistoric resource exploitation strategies and adaptation. Research has mostly focused on technological and spatial aspects of lithic factory sites, often overlooking how these sites were integrated within local socioecological dynamics in terms of food acquisition and consumption. The aim of this paper is to study plant consumption at Datrana, a 5000-year-old lithic blade workshop in North Gujarat, India, in order to understand its occupants’ subsistence strategies. The results of archaeobotanical, mineralogical and soil pH analyses show that the occupants of this factory site were consuming local crops but not processing them, suggesting that either (a) food was being processed in other areas of the site or (b) it was acquired in a ‘ready-to-consume’ state from local food-producing communities. This study highlights the integration of a lithic factory site within its surrounding cultural and natural landscape, offering an example of how the inhabitants of a workshop interacted with local communities to acquire food resources. 相似文献
102.
Leila Birolo Antonella Tomeo Marco Trifuoggi Finizia Auriemma Luigi Paduano Angela Amoresano Roberto Vinciguerra Claudio De Rosa Luciano Ferrara Antonella Giarra Alessandra Luchini Carla De Maio Giovanna Greco Alessandro Vergara 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2017,9(4):591-602
The determination of the chemical composition of different parts of wall paintings (pigments, mortars and binders) provides information about technology of preparation of an artefact. Herein, we present a multi-methodological characterisation of wall paintings from a Roman archaeological site in Cuma, focusing on differences between an indoor (domus) and outdoor fabrication (a temple, Tempio con Portico (TCP)). Both pigments, binders and mortars were studied via a combination of destructive/μ-destructive (mass spectrometry, ionic chromatography, ICP-based techniques) and non-destructive (Raman microscopy, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and X-ray diffraction) methodologies. Particularly, the systematic presence of dolomite only in mortars from TCP may suggest an intentional use of such limestone for the outdoor fabrication of public interest. Differences between TCP and domus are also related to the composition of the pigment binder. In particular, the detected binders (studied by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS) were proteinaceous in the case of domus (possibly egg and animal glue) and drying oils in the case of TCP. Ultimately, our multi-methodological study provides an overall picture of the material components of paintings from fabrications with different use, proposing a hypothesis on technological choices according to conservative and destination reasons. 相似文献
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Carla Lancelotti Marco Madella P. Ajithprasad Cameron A. Petrie 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(4):307-320
This paper explores how mechanical properties of different South Asian tree taxa might influence charred wood fragmentation
and the composition of charcoal assemblages retrieved from archaeological contexts. The dataset is composed of selected plant
species that were collected in Gujarat (Northern India) in September 2007 as part of the North Gujarat Archaeological Project.
The taxa analysed represent the most common wood species found in the arid thorn scrubland formation in South Asia and are
among the most abundant identified in Neolithic and Chalcolithic archaeological sites in this area. The specimens have been
measured and subsequently charred at three different temperatures, under constant conditions. Afterwards, their resistance
to compression has been measured on two planes, parallel and perpendicular to the direction of fibres, using a Hounsfield
5-kN machine. The tests were performed in order to understand the different response to compressive stress of wood that has
been subject to a range of thermal degradations. The standardised treatment applied to the samples has permitted the comparison
of results and the delineation of simple correlations and divergences among the species analysed. Furthermore, the utilisation
of a relatively simple operating protocol easily allows the addition of further data in the future. The applied protocol was
specifically designed to answer archaeological questions. Therefore, even though from a material science point of view some
of the measurements were not taken according to the prevailing standard procedures, it offers valuable data for anthracological
research applied to archaeology in arid zones. 相似文献
108.
Geoffrey King 《Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy》2009,20(1):81-93
The paper surveys the recent archaeological information for the balîya immolation tradition of pre-Islamic Arabia, whereby a camel or other valued animal was slaughtered to accompany a person of status in death so that they had an animal to ride or to maintain their status in the afterlife. In contrast to the dhibh immolation, which is prescribed in the Holy Qur'ân in memory of the sacrifice of the Prophet Ibrâhîm, the balîya is forbidden in Islam. Unlike the dhibh immolation, the balîya sacrifice was interred whole and provides precise archaeological information about the circumstances of its slaughter and burial. Information about such immolations derives largely from excavations in southern and eastern Arabia. 相似文献
109.
Sonia O’Connor Esam Ali Salim Al-Sabah Danish Anwar Ed Bergström Keri A. Brown Jo Buckberry Stephen Buckley Matthew Collins John Denton Konrad M. Dorling Adam Dowle Phil Duffey Howell G.M. Edwards Elsa Correia Faria Peter Gardner Andy Gledhill Karl Heaton Carl Heron Rob Janaway Brendan J. Keely David King Anthony Masinton Kirsty Penkman Axel Petzold Matthew D. Pickering Martin Rumsby Holger Schutkowski Kimberley A. Shackleton Jerry Thomas Jane Thomas-Oates Maria-Raimonda Usai Andrew S. Wilson Terry O’Connor 《Journal of archaeological science》2011
Archaeological work in advance of construction at a site on the edge of York, UK, yielded human remains of prehistoric to Romano-British date. Amongst these was a mandible and cranium, the intra-cranial space of which contained shrunken but macroscopically recognizable remains of a brain. Although the distinctive surface morphology of the organ is preserved, little recognizable brain histology survives. Though rare, the survival of brain tissue in otherwise skeletalised human remains from wet burial environments is not unique. A survey of the literature shows that similar brain masses have been previously reported in diverse circumstances. We argue for a greater awareness of these brain masses and for more attention to be paid to their detection and identification in order to improve the reporting rate and to allow a more comprehensive study of this rare archaeological survival. 相似文献
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