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ABSTRACT We investigate whether an aging population may challenge the supremacy of large working cities. To this end, we develop an economic geography model with two types of individuals (workers and retirees) and two sectors (local services and manufacturing). Workers produce and consume; the elderly consume only. As a result, the mobility decision of workers is driven by both the wage gap and the cost‐of‐living gap, unlike the elderly who react to the differences in the cost of living only. We show that the return of pre‐industrial urban system dominated by rentier cities does not seem to be on the agenda. Quite the opposite, the future of large working cities is still bright, the reason being that today's urban costs act as a strong force that prevents a large share of local services and manufacturing firms from following the rentiers in the elderly cities, while the supply of differentiated b2c services impede their complete separation. 相似文献
143.
Heron Richard Le; Penny Guy; Paine Mark; Sheath Gavin; Pedersen Justine; Botha Neels 《Journal of Economic Geography》2001,1(4):439-456
Vertical and horizontal networks in food chains and rural areasinteract on rural development through a potentially global reach.This paper adopts a knowledge systems framework incorporatingnetworking dimensions to explore problems of supply chain reorganisation.In New Zealand this framework is being applied in agri-industriesthrough the input of research institutes, partly in responseto buyer-driven pressures for supply chain realignment and productionto more precise specification. The paper reports on networkinginterventions by AgResearch in the farmer-processor relationin two New Zealand export food chains (dairy and meat). Findingsfrom the Learning Challenges Project where focus groups areused to conceptualise and define aspects of the chains and toascertain knowledge networking dimensions point to the potentialof networking methodologies as policy tools. 相似文献
144.
In this article we evaluate the influence of democracy on perceived levels of corruption. We argue that the control of corruption depends on the compensation and accountability of public officials, and on an open and competitive economy. We analyze the influence of democracy, controlling for the influence of other political and economic factors including federalism, economic development, and economic competition. The findings for the importance of economic factors are consistent. The finding in earlier research that federalism increases corruption is not robust. The findings for democracy are influenced importantly by the way that democracy is measured, but we do find that citizens' repetitive participation in competitive elections increases the control of corruption. In doing so, we move beyond the composite indices of democracy in constructing an alternative compound measure of democracy, which we argue is likely to be useful in other research contexts 相似文献
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Cultural transmission (CT) is implicit in many explanations of culture change. Formal CT models were defined by anthropologists
30 years ago and have been a subject of active research in the social sciences in the ensuing years. Although increasing in
popularity in recent years, CT has not seen extensive use in archaeological research, despite the quantitative rigor of many
CT models and the ability to create testable hypotheses. Part of the reason for the slow adoption, we argue, has been the
continuing focus on change in central tendency and mode in archaeology, instead of change in dispersion or variance. Yet archaeological
research provides an excellent data source for exploring processes of CT. We review CT research in the anthropological sciences
and outline the benefits and drawbacks of this theoretical framework for the study of material culture. We argue that CT can
shed much light on our understandings of why material technology changes over time, including explanations of differential
rates of change among different technologies. We further argue that transmission processes are greatly affected by the content,
context, and mode of transmission and fundamentally structure variation in material culture. Including ideas from CT can provide
greater context for explaining and understanding changes in the variation of artifacts over time. Finally, we outline what
we feel should be the goals of CT research in archaeology in the coming years. 相似文献
148.
Carl Phillips 《Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy》2007,18(1):1-7
Evidence of a settlement located near two late third-millennium tombs excavated at Mowaihat in the Emirate of Ajman is presented in order to complete the documentation of this site. Although the settlement evidence is only slight, especially when compared with the substantial architecture of the tombs, it is not atypical of contemporary sites in this region. A possible interpretation is, therefore, proposed in an attempt to explain the various third-millennium tomb and settlement associations that have been reported from the Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates. 相似文献
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