Thermochemical and bacterial sulfate reduction in the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong Area,Tarim Basin,NW China: evidence from fluid inclusions,C, S,and Sr isotopic data

Petrographic features, C, O, S, and Sr isotopes were determined, and fluid inclusions (FI) were analyzed on various stages of vug‐ and fracture‐fillings from the Cambrian and Lower Ordovician reservoirs in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin, NW China. The aim was to assess the origin of pyrite and anhydrite and the processes affecting sulfur during diagenesis of the carbonates. Pyrite from seven wells has δ³⁴S values from ?22‰ to +31‰. The pyrites with low δ³⁴S values from ?21.8‰ to ?12.3‰ were found close to fracture‐filling calcites with vapor‐liquid double‐phase aqueous fluid inclusions homogenization temperatures (FI‐Th) from 55.7 to 73.2°C, salinities from 1.4wt% to 6.59wt% NaCl equiv and δ¹³C values from ?2.3‰ to ?14.2‰, indicating an origin from bacterial sulfate reduction by organic matter. Other sulfides with heavier δ³⁴S values may have formed by thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) during two episodes. The earlier TSR in the Middle and Lower Cambrian resulted in pyrites and H₂S having δ³⁴S values from 30 to 33‰, close to those of bedded anhydrite and oilfield water (approximately 34‰). The later TSR is represented by calcites with δ¹³C values as light as ?17.7‰ and FI‐Th of about 120–145°C, and pyrite and H₂S with δ³⁴S values close to those of the Upper Cambrian burial‐diagenetic anhydrite (between +14.8‰ and +22.6‰). The values of the anhydrite are significantly lighter than contemporary seawater sulfates. This together with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values of anhydrite and TSR calcites from 0.7091 to 0.7125 suggests a source from the underlying Ediacaran seawater sulfate and detrital Sr contribution.     

南北朝的客馆及其地理位置

客馆为传统中国外交上的重要机构,由地主国设立,以接待归附者、使节、人质、入朝藩王、沙门与留学生等各种不同身分的外国人,试图落实招抚荒远、万国宾服的理想。南北朝时,客馆在数量与规制上有明显的发展,它除了解决外国人的食宿需求,也是重要的外交折冲场所。南北朝的客馆乃是拥有许多馆舍,颇具规模的馆区。客馆的方位受到城市格局变化的影响,南北朝以后,多位于城南。其地理位置也从城郭外向宫城靠近,且通常位于南北中轴线的通衢上。     

甲骨缀合三十五则

本文研究的是甲骨缀合 ,共缀合甲骨 3 5则     

清朝的人口迁移及其社会经济影响

清朝人口迁移规模巨大有两个独特的原因:一为清朝人口的快速增长;二为清朝赋税制度的改革,实行摊丁入亩,使人民获得自由.人口迁移的方向也不同于前朝,总趋势是从中原、江南等人口稠密区向人口稀少的边疆、山区、海岛迁移.清朝的人口迁移缓解了人口相对过剩的压力,使先进的生产技术和生产方法得当传播,有利于经济发展.从而对当时的社会产生了广泛的影响.     

钟嵘《诗品》评陆机"不贵绮错"文献考辨

钟嵘<诗品>卷上评陆机云:"其源出于陈思.才高词赡,举体华美,气少于公斡,文劣于仲宣,尚规矩,不贵绮错,有伤直致之奇.然其咀嚼英华,厌饫膏泽,文章之渊泉也.张公叹其大才,信矣."对于其中的"尚规矩,不贵绮错,有伤直致之奇"一句,历来注家多有争议,尤其是"不贵绮错"一语,更是令学者们颇费思量.如周振甫<诗品译注>译为:"看重规矩,不看重绮丽交错,有损害直接安排的技巧."①赵仲邑<钟嵘诗品译注>译为:"他的诗崇尚规矩,不以绮文交错为贵,有伤直抒胸臆的奇致."②萧华荣<诗品注译>译为:"崇尚古诗的法度规范,而不重视错综变化,损伤了作品的直率自然之美."③然而,结合陆机五言诗写作的实际情况来看,说他"不贵绮错",似乎是不能令人信服的.所以,对于这样的一些解释,韩国学者车柱环提出了自己的看法.     

平政院与北洋时期的行政诉讼制度

民国成立后,在借鉴清末行政裁判院的基础上,北洋政府成立了中国第一个行政诉讼审判机关平政院。长期以来,世人对平政院的评价极低,甚至讥讽为"贫症院"。本文拟通过梳理平政院的职掌与工作,探讨该院在中国法制近代化进程中的作用与影响。     

四世班禅生平及与四世达赖、五世达赖之关系

四世班禅精通佛学和传统文化知识,他担任扎什伦布寺住持,使该寺成为班禅活佛系统执掌的主寺;同时,他对四世达赖倾囊相授,担任拉萨祈愿大法会首座,维修大昭寺和甘丹寺灵塔殿金顶,成为格鲁派的领袖人物。此外,他还是五世达赖的上师,协助五世达赖的政教事业,并首倡与关外的清政权建立联系,参与觉囊派改宗等事。四世班禅为格鲁派的发展做出了重大贡献,由此确立了班禅活佛系统在格鲁派中的崇高地位。