China and the United States in Africa: Coming conflict or commercial coexistence?

China and the US are two key players in the recent round of ‘scrambling’ for Africa. They compete for control over oil and other strategic resources, for markets, and for political influence. Their competition has alarmed many. This study tests the alarmist interpretations by identifying what the US and China are actually doing and to how they perceive each other's activities. Their ambitions are often considered in isolation. When laid out side by side, the extent to which their activities in Africa may overlap or clash can be seen more clearly. China and the US are seeking different things at different places in the continent and are careful not to upset one another. Their activities do not support the dire prediction. The ‘scramble for Africa’ may irritate; it is unlikely to cause direct confrontations because competition remains by and large economic and economic competition in an integrated global economy creates networks of constraints that ameliorate potential confrontation.     

Modernization And Adjustment： Case Study Of Kham Village

When talking about Tibetans, people naturally think about Tibet （Tibet Autonomous Region, which will be referred to as TAR in the following text）, but seldom realize that the Tibetan region extends far past the borders of Tibet. Based on Tibetan historical and cui tural differences, the Tibetan region of China can be divided into three major sections： Kham （khams）, Amdo and Weizang（dbus-gtsang）. Nowadays, as a result of administrative divisions, the Tibetan region belongs to different administrative areas in five provinces. Weizang includes most of today＇s Tibet Autono- mous region. Kham and Amdo are both historical conceptions, Kham lying to the east of Weizang and Amdo to the northwest. Kham and Amdo are divided into different administrative areas. Kham includes today＇s Chamdo Autonomous Prefecture （TAR）, Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture and part of Aba Autonomous prefecture （Ganzi and Aba both belong to Sichuan Province）,     

自行车普及与近代上海社会

Taking the popularization of bicycles in modern Shanghai as an example, this article discussed the interrelationship between the development of instruments and the users by analyzing the expansion of city space, formation of the city time rhythm, changes in consumption mode of different social classes, and the competition of various transportation tools, etc. The influences on the transformation of social life in Shanghai and other cities of China were also revealed. __________ Translated by Zhou Weiwei from Shilin 史林 (Historical Review), 2007, (1): 103–113     

政治与法律的良性互动——英国法治道路成功的根本原因

政治和法律既相辅相成,又相反相克。二者关系结构的不同,直接影响着甚至决定着一个国家的法治文明进程。英国的法治道路是一条较为顺畅的成功之路,其成功的根本原因在于政治与法律之间建立和保持了一种良性互动关系。16世纪以前,适度强大的政治权威促成了英国法治传统的生成以及自治型、制度化普通法体系的建立和衡平法的产生。16～17世纪,借助于普通法制度积极有效的制衡作用,英国有幸绕过了绝对专制统治的历史弯路,先于其他各国跨入了现代法治社会。认真总结英国法治经验,对于当前我国的法治建设事业无疑是大有裨益的。     

孙叔敖故里封地考述——兼论《楚相孙叔敖碑》的真伪与文本时代

孙叔敖作为楚庄王时期的令尹,王室世族显贵,不可能是期思县内的平民百姓,《荀子》等称其为期思之人,当与其先辈的封地食邑在期思一带有关。孙叔敖后人受封之寝丘,在淮河以北的今安徽省临泉县一带,早期文献有明确的记载。唐宋以来,许多文献不辨南北朝时期固始县的沿革变化和治所迁移,将古寝丘定于后来的固始县(即今河南固始县)境内,不足为信。传世《楚相孙叔敖碑》,内容存在明显的矛盾和混淆,并非东汉时期的原作,应是南北朝后期至隋唐期间的续刻或拟托,不能作为古寝丘在今河南固始县一带的论据。     

汉代非单棺墓葬的考古学意义观察——以中小型墓葬为观察对象

汉代的非单棺墓,即同穴多人葬,包括有亲缘关系的合葬墓和非亲缘关系的主仆同葬墓。本文所论非单棺墓,为有亲缘关系的合葬墓。这类墓葬的考古年代学类型有同时合葬和异时合葬两种形式。同时合葬因迁葬或同时丧亡而形成,异时合葬则由于先后丧亡因而先后入葬形成。异时而葬的合葬墓,墓主葬入的时间虽有绝对的先后,但因考古学研究方法的特性,对先后葬入的随葬品的考古年代学分期,会有同一时间段或不同时间段两种结论。对于非单棺墓葬的研究,我们首先要重视资料报道的准确件,其次要以对单棺墓葬的分析作为研究的前提,此外要注意辨析同一墓葬内和不同墓葬间不同器物群组之间的关系。     

两汉用玉思想研究之一——辟邪厌胜思想

笔者在对汉代玉器进行综合考察时,发现在丧葬、佩饰、日用及陈设用玉中,有许多玉器无论造型或纹饰都有一定的辟邪厌胜之意。本文通过对这类玉器的研究,试图从玉器角度分析看待当时社会流行的辟邪厌胜思想,辟邪厌胜意义也是汉代用玉思想中的一个重要方面。     

EXCEPTIONAL HISTORY? THE ORIGINS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES1

This essay examines how and why historiography—defined to mean the study of the history of historical writing—first emerged as a legitimate subject of historical inquiry in the United States during the period from 1890 to the 1930s by focusing on the practice of historiography by three of the most influential American historiographers whose work spans this period: J. Franklin Jameson, John Spencer Bassett, and Harry Elmer Barnes. Whereas the development of historiography as a field of study signified a recognition that historians and historical writing are themselves products of the historical process, American historiographers in this period at the same time used historiography to further a scientific ideal of objectivity that was premised on the belief in the ability of historians to separate themselves from that process. Modern scholars (notably, Peter Novick) have attributed to scientific historians like Jameson and Bassett a simplistic and naive positivism; but the ability of these historiographers to recognize the subjective character of historical writing and yet affirm a belief in objectivity reveals that their understanding of historical truth was more complex than modern scholars have acknowledged. In turn, by questioning the belief that the historical profession was originally founded on a naïve faith in the ideal of objective truth, I demonstrate that New Historians like Barnes were more similar to their predecessors, the scientific historians, than they (or later scholars) acknowledged. Thus, rather than portraying the shift from scientific history to the New History as a linear trajectory of development from objectivity to a more relativist viewpoint, I argue that New Historians like Barnes at once expressed a greater recognition than his scientific predecessors of how historical writing was the product of its context, while still insisting on his commitment to an ideal of objectivity that divorced the historian from that context.     

旅游地市行政地名命名的思考--以徽州-黄山市为例

本旨在探讨旅游地市行政地名命名的原则性问题,以徽州—黄山市名取舍为例,着重提出、阐说定位功能、化底蕴、信息含量、资源观念等命名要素。     

我国古代寺院藏书简论

一、寺院藏书的历史 汉魏晋南北朝时期是中国佛教藏书的兴起阶段.汉地佛教在西汉哀帝元年(公元前2年)传入中国,《浮屠经》是第一部成文的汉译佛经.东汉明帝永平十一年(68),汉明帝在洛阳创建了中国历史上第一座佛教寺院--白马寺,佛教寺院藏书便随即产生.