巫山人与龙骨坡文化

所谓"巫山人",是指在巫山"龙骨坡遗址"中发掘出土的中国最早的人类化石,它的学名叫"巫山能人"(Homo Habilis),简称"巫山人".     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

“The Old New-Intellectuals” in the May Fourth New Cultural Movement*

During the May Fourth New Cultural Movement, three debates on new/Western and old/Chinese cultures were respectively carried out between the journal New Youth and Lin Qinnan, Chen Duxiu and Du Yaquan, as well as Zhang Dongsun and Fu Sinian. New Youth, Chen Duxiu and Zhang Dongsun were regarded as the “new school,” whereas their opponents “the old new-intellectuals.” The difference between them lies in their attitudes towards traditions instead of their new or old knowledge. After three heated debates, New Youth won a total victory in big cities, because the so-called “urban youths” needed a radical cultural reform plan and a simple guide for action. On the contrary, “town youths” who lived in small cities and towns did not care about the attitudinal difference of two sides. They paid more attention to absorbing new knowledge from both sides and were more sympathetic to tradition.     

《天盛改旧新定律令》西夏文题名的汉文移译与成书年代

俄藏黑水城西夏文法律文献《■》中文标题:深受唐宋时期综合性王朝法典编纂体例与中文标题:层面嬗变的客观影响,基于唐末五代以来王朝法典因编纂体例改变一般以"刑法统类"或"条法"中文标题:的历史趋势与史实,结合西夏文语义学,其汉文中文标题:应移译为《重详定天盛刑统》。作者认为《天盛改旧新定律令》制定与任得敬擅权毫无关系,并以此为切入点,讨论了《天盛改旧新定律令》的年代学问题,认为《天盛改旧新定律令》于天盛初年(1150)在西夏旧律基础上修纂成书,乾祐后期又经重修,应不早于1183年,今日所见《重详定天盛刑统》当属后者。学界中文标题:《颁律表》的俄藏Инв.No.2570号西夏文文献应中文标题:为《进重详定天盛刑统表》。     

西夏语“头项”词义考

以往学界认为有关西夏汉文文献中的"头项"意为"头领、首领",也是西夏的一种军事组织,这一认识并不准确。传世汉文西夏文献中的"头项"乃是"头绪、种类"等义,而西夏文文献中的"头项"则是"事宜、事项"的意思,可以用作"同位语"。同一常用词在夏汉文本中词义的不对等,说明西夏语在词义衍生的思维模式层面与汉语是不一致的。     

"十五国风"系列地图研究

中国古代地图的研究基本局限于绘本地图,对于数量庞大古籍中作为插图存在的地图缺少重视,其中以"十五国风"为主题的地图具有一定的代表性。这一主题的地图在宋代以来的古籍中长期延续,但又不断发生着变化,对其发展脉络的梳理以及绘制年代的判定与绘本地图存在较大的差异。通过对十五国风系列地图的分析,说明印刷术造成了中国古代地图绘制在宋代的爆发性增长,并且彻底改变了中国古代地图的积累和发展进程,但与今天创造知识的速度相比,中国古代创造新地图(知识)的速度依然是非常缓慢的。     

THE METOK ROAD OPEN TO TRAFFIC

Metok in Nyingchi Prefecture was the only county that did not have a road in the past. On October 31st, 2013, the Road to Metok was officially opened to the public. The opening of this road signified that now all counties in China can be accessed by road.     

两个中国之命运的决战--1976年:从天安门事件到粉碎"四人帮"

引子:在抗日战争最后胜利的前夜,毛泽东在1945年4月23日中国共产党第七次全国代表大会的开幕词中指出:"在中国人民面前摆着两条路,光明的路和黑暗的路。有两种中国之命运,光明的中国之命运和黑暗的中国之命运。"历史常常有惊人的相似之处。30年后的1976年,中国又一次走到了两种中国之命运的决战关头。两条路--光明的路和黑暗的路,又摆到了中国人民的面前。两种中国之命运和前途,又一次进行了激烈的决战……     

中国现代方志学发展阶段探论(下)

“化大革命”结束之后,全国拨乱反正,各项工作逐步走向正轨,百业待兴,现代方志学事业亦逐渐复苏。继而幸逢中国现代化建设发展的大好机遇,全国兴起第二次新方志编修高潮,现代方志学在此阶段获得极大的发展。现代方志学在本阶段的发展,大致可分为以下几个时期     

"中国世界秩序"观之影响及其与中国古代边疆研究--费正清《中国世界秩序:中国传统的对外关系》读后

本文概述了费正清“中国世界秩序”观及其对西方中国近代史研究的影响,认为费氏的理论在中国边疆史地研究中也有着积极意义,特别是在中华民族共同意识和共同价值观的形成以及历代边疆的治理及中国疆域的确立等方面。