社会地位补偿与海外移民捐赠——广东五邑侨乡与海南文昌侨乡的比较分析

论文从社会学视角,对广东坎镇与海南文镇两个移民群体公共文化事业的捐赠活动进行了比较研究,认为海外移民对于侨乡公共文化事业的捐赠与其社会地位补偿密切相关,提出了＂社会地位补偿＂的解释范式。广东坎镇移民流向主要为美国、加拿大等经济发达国家,移民群体社会地位落差较大。他们的捐赠活动,不仅能够补偿他们某种身份及归属感的缺失,而且还能够获得一种额外的社会声誉。这种移民的补偿心态使得坎镇侨乡的公共文化事业出现了繁荣发展的盛况;而海南文镇移民流向主要是东南亚国家,经历了从＂华侨＂到＂华人＂的身份转变,祖籍地与移居地的经济差距缩小导致移民补偿成本升高,侨乡地方社会所构建的补偿体系对移民的吸引力在逐渐减弱,从而导致文镇公共文化事业出现衰落的发展态势。     

文博考古学科类属关系梳理

目前,在教育部学科分类体系和国家标准学科分类标准中,文博考古学科类属关系不统一。文物学始终没有获得科学界正式承认,给高校学科建设造成一定影响;考古学新升为一级学科,意味着"考古学与博物馆学"研究生专业名称面临调整,由此将出现"文化遗产与博物馆学"的二级学科;而将本科专业名称"博物馆学"改为"文物与博物馆学",又将使其与"文化遗产"学科分类不相同步。因此,文博考古学科类属关系需要统一,相关的专业名称与学科名称也应该一致。     

集体土地流转中集体角色的错位与回归

推进集体土地流转,加强农民集体权益保护,需要其代表——集体找准角色定位,发挥积极作用。然而,在实际土地流转中,集体背离了其整体利益代表的角色定位,扮演了土地流转个人利益最大化的促进者和乡（镇）政府利益顺从者的角色,严重的角色错位侵害了集体内其他农民的合法权益。在集体土地流转中,应从乡（镇）政府、农民、集体自身三方面入手,规正集体角色,切实保护农民的权益。     

对保护青海冬虫夏草资源的思考

青海冬虫夏草生长于高寒高海拔区,其独特的药用和营养价值深受国内外消费者的青睐,需求量不断增加,价格一路攀升,随之在冬虫夏草资源开发利用和管理中出现了一些不容忽视的问题。加强冬虫夏草资源管理,对于保护草原生态,全面实现冬虫夏草资源持续开发利用,有效提高虫草产区社会经济协调发展和增加农牧民收入具有重要意义。     

状元杀和尚：一个陌生故事的四次演述——从情节增加引起的主题变化

民间文学的田野调查应该允许做很多实验。本文作者首先将一个陌生故事讲给常熟白茆著名民间故事家陆瑞英听,在不同时间间隔之后又请她讲述了四次,通过分析,这一故事虽然迄今未曾定型,但基本的趋向是可以把握的：即在加长情节的过程中,故事主旨发生了偏移。     

SUPERB CRAFTSMANSHIP OF TIBETAN SILVER AND GOLDSMITHS -- ON THE GOLD AND SILVERWARE OF TUBO

<正>Inhis groundbreaking work The Golden Peaches of Samarkand of Tang Exotics,American scholar Edward H.Schafer extolled Tibetan silver and goldsmiths;it appears...     

马口铁加固古建筑榫卯节点抗震试验

为保护古建筑,采用试验方法,研究了马口铁加固古建筑榫卯节点后对节点抗震性能的影响.基于故宫太和殿三次间结构原型,制作了1:8缩尺比例的木结构空间框架模型,并考虑梁柱连接为燕尾榫形式,进行了低周反复加载试验,其中未加固构架和马口铁加固构架试验各做了3组.基于试验相关数据,获得了节点的弯矩-转角滞回曲线和骨架曲线,并对比分析了节点加固前后的耗能能力,刚度退化和延性等抗震指标.结果表明:马口铁加固榫卯节点后,虽然节点耗能能力略有下降,但节点拔榫量减小,抗弯承载力提高,刚度退化不明显,且节点仍具有较好的变形能力.因此,马口铁具有较好的加固效果.     

Thermodynamic modeling of petroleum inclusions: the prediction of the saturation pressure of crude oils

Microthermometry and volumetric analysis are now widely used techniques in petroleum geology, which allow the reconstitution of the composition and P‐T trapping conditions of petroleum inclusions. However, these methods require efficient thermodynamic modeling tools of the PVT properties, coupled with compositional models for petroleum. Two methods presently available are reviewed here. The first one, called the α–β method, uses a compositional model describing the full spectrum (C₁–C₅₀₀) of natural hydrocarbons with two adjustable parameters α and β. The second technique is based on a so‐called fluid model, i.e., a priori knowledge of the composition and the physical properties of the C₇₊ cut of the trapped petroleum. Up to now, no critical appraisal has been undertaken for these two methods. From an extensive compilation of literature data (201 points), we here show that both techniques are able to describe the composition of crude oils and to predict satisfactorily their saturation pressures. However, the predictive capabilities of fluid models are highly dependent on the correlations used for describing heavy cuts, and we indicate those which give the best results. Finally, we emphasize the key control of the bulk methane mole fraction (x₁) on the saturation pressure: this result allows us to build simplified versions of α–β and fluid models, applicable to the majority of crude oils, and whose formulation depends advantageously on x₁ only.     

SEARCH FRICTIONS,UNEMPLOYMENT, AND HOUSING IN CITIES: THEORY AND POLICIES

We propose an urban search‐matching model with land development. Wages, unemployment, prices of housing and land are endogenously determined. We characterize the steady‐state equilibrium and then discuss the issue of efficiency. To explore interactions among markets, we implement comparative static analysis. We also consider three policies: an entry‐cost policy that reduces firms' entry, a transportation policy that reduces commuting costs, and a housing policy that decreases rental prices. We find that the transportation and housing policies are more efficient if the unemployment rate is low, while the entry‐cost policy is more efficient if the unemployment rate is high.     

Evaluating Polygon Overlay to Support Spatial Optimization Coverage Modeling

Minimizing costs and maximizing coverage are important goals in many planning contexts. These goals often necessitate an abstraction of a continuous demand region, resulting in potential errors when applying traditional coverage models. To reduce coverage errors caused by spatial abstraction, a number of spatial representation schemes have been proposed and applied. A new representation scheme using polygon overlay recently received much attention because potentially it can eliminate representation errors in coverage modeling. However, this overlay‐based approach is computationally challenging in terms of both the generation of demand units and the complexity of the resulting coverage model. This article investigates the operational and computational challenges of polygon overlay for delineating continuous demand in coverage models, an issue that has yet to be fully explored. We present a theoretical evaluation of the computational complexity associated with representation using polygon overlay in coverage modeling. Evaluations of two study regions provide empirical support for the computational complexity analysis. The analysis results provide insight regarding expected problem size and computational requirements if polygon overlay is relied upon to delineate demand unit boundaries in coverage modeling. La minimización de costos y la maximización de la cobertura espacial son objetivos importantes en muchos contextos de planificación. Estas metas a menudo requieren una abstracción de una región continua de demanda , dando lugar a posibles errores en la aplicación de modelos de cobertura tradicionales. Para reducir los errores de cobertura provocadas por la abstracción, la comunidad académica ha propuesto y aplicado una serie de esquemas de representación espacial. Recientemente un nuevo esquema de representación que utiliza la superposición de polígonos ha recibido mucha atención porque potencialmente puede eliminar los errores de representación en el modelado de la cobertura. Sin embargo, este enfoque es computacionalmente difícil, tanto en términos de la generación de unidades de demanda, como en la complejidad del modelo de cobertura resultante. Este artículo investiga los retos operacionales y de cómputo de la superposición de polígonos para delinear la región continua de demanda en los modelos de cobertura, un problema que aún no se ha explorado a fondo. Se presenta una evaluación teórica de la complejidad computacional asociada a la representación mediante superposición de polígonos en el modelado de cobertura espacial. Se presentan evaluaciones de dos regiones de estudio como apoyo empírico para el análisis de la complejidad computacional. Los resultados del análisis proporcionan información sobre el tamaño del problema esperado y los requerimientos computacionales en los casos en que el método de superposición de polígonos es usado para delinear límites de la región de demanda para el modelado de cobertura espacial 最小成本和最大区域覆盖是许多规划情境研究中的重要目标。实现这些目标通常需要对连续需求区域进行抽象,而这又会导致在应用传统覆盖模型时出现潜在误差。为减小由空间抽象引起的覆盖误差,已提出了一系列空间表达方案并得到应用。一种新型的利用多边形覆盖的表达方案,因其或可消除覆盖建模过程的表达误差,近来得到较多的关注。然而,这种基于覆盖的方法在需求单元生成与覆盖模型结果复杂性等方面面临着计算挑战。本文提出了一种在覆盖建模中采用多边形叠加表征的计算复杂度的理论评估方法。两个研究区域的评估为计算复杂度分析提供了经验支撑,如果在覆盖建模中多边形叠加依赖于描述需求单元边界时,该分析结果有助于深入考察预期问题规模大小及计算需求。