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Jago Jonathan Birk Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Eduardo Góes Neves Bruno Glaser 《Journal of archaeological science》2011
In the Amazon Basin, within a landscape of infertile soils, fertile Anthrosols of pre-Columbian origin occur (Amazonian Dark Earths or terra preta de Índio). These soils are characterized by high amounts of charred organic matter (black carbon, biochar) and high nutrient stocks. Frequently, they were considered as sign for intensive landscape domestication by way of sedentary agriculture and as sign for large settlements in pre-Columbian Amazonia. Beyond the archaeological interest in Amazonian Dark Earths, they increasingly receive attention because it is assumed that they could serve as a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics (terra preta nova). Both questions lack information about the pre-Columbian practices which were responsible for the genesis of Amazonian Dark Earths. It has often been hypothesized that deposition of faeces could have contributed to the high nutrient stocks in these soils, but no study has focussed on this question yet. We analyzed the biomarkers for faeces 5β-stanols as well as their precursors and their 5α-isomers in Amazonian Dark Earths and reference soils to investigate the input of faeces into Amazonian Dark Earths. Using Amazonian Dark Earths as example, we discuss the application of threshold values for specific stanols to evaluate faeces deposition in archaeological soils and demonstrate an alternative approach which is based on a comparison of the concentration patterns of 5β-stanols with the concentration patterns of their precursors and their 5α-isomers as well as with local backgrounds. The concentration patterns of sterols show that faeces were deposited on Amazonian Dark Earths. 相似文献
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Bruno David Jean-Michel Geneste Fiona Petchey Jean-Jacques Delannoy Bryce Barker Mark Eccleston 《Journal of archaeological science》2013
Australia contains some of the world's richest and apparently longest traditions of rock pictographs. Dating this art, however, has been problematic, with few ‘direct’ and reliable dates of Pleistocene or early Holocene age having been obtained from visible, representational imagery. This paper critically reviews the evidence for the antiquity of pigment rock art in Australia by examining the various dating techniques employed. The accurate and reliable dating of rock art worldwide is crucial to understanding the evolution of modern human symbolism and whether cognitive modernism came about after, rather than with, the first signs of full biological modernism; understanding the pitfalls and devising proper methods are crucial prerequisites. Towards these ends, this paper reviews the results and techniques that have been employed to date the apparently earliest known pictographs in Australia. 相似文献
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Bruno David Lara Lamb Jean-Jacques Delannoy Frank Pivoru Cassandra Rowe Max Pivoru Tony Frank Nick Frank Andrew Fairbairn Ruth Pivoru 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2012,16(2):319-345
Archaeological excavations at an ancestral village site within rainforest in Papua New Guinea has revealed buried cultural
evidence that can be explained in a number of ways. While interpretations based on Western archaeological methods suggest
regional landscape dynamics informed by geomorphological processes, Indigenous Rumu oral traditions suggest an interpretation
of the site’s stratigraphy based on the workings of spiritual forces. The role of story-telling and new information in site
interpretation and understanding is explored in light of these different yet complementary accounts. 相似文献
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World Heritage List: does it make sense? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The UNESCO World Heritage List contains the 900 most treasured sites of humanity's culture and landscapes. This List is beneficial where heritage sites are undetected, disregarded by national decision‐makers, not commercially exploitable, and where national financial resources, political control, and technical knowledge for conservation are inadequate. Alternatives such as market and national conservation lists are more beneficial where the cultural and natural sites are already popular, markets work well, and where inclusion in the List does not raise the destruction potential by excessive tourism, and in times of war, or by terrorists. 相似文献
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Bruno PF Wanrooij 《Journal of Modern Italian Studies》2013,18(3):277-280
Abstract After both world wars Italy struggled to have territories in the Upper Adriatic, among them the port city of Trieste, included within its national borders. Italy’s hopes to utilize Trieste as a barrier against incursion from the east and the city’s symbolic importance as an outpost for the defense of italianità are well known, but the city’s role as a conduit to former Habsburg provinces in Central Europe remains overlooked. In fact, regional associations with Mitteleuropa, seen by those on the peninsula as indications that the city was distant or foreign, formed one facet of a regional identity which proved compatible with national expectations. From annexation in 1918, the competing visions of Trieste as a bulwark against the east and as a junction in Central Europe shaped local identity and carved a niche for the city within the national framework. 相似文献
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Bruno Morandi-Dragonimage 《旅游》2009,(11):22-27
非洲最北端,西海岸的狭长地带,坐落着摩洛哥王国,也就是在阿拉伯语中的“落日之国”。公元7世纪,古阿拉伯人向北非挺进挺进,军队的步伐到达摩洛哥后,被汪洋大海阻挡了去路,征服者们认为这里就是最遥远的西方边界,是距离太阳沉没最后的地方,Morocco因此而得名。 相似文献
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Fosca Mariani Zini Nadine Vanwelkenhuyzen Philippe Drieux Alain Tallon Françoise Waquet Laurence Devillairs Geneviève Brykman Patrick Gautier Dalché Mai Lequan Emmanuel Poulle Bruno Neveu Mikhaïl Xifaras Claude Blanckaert Jean-Yves Goffi 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1998,119(1):131-166