Marxism in archaeology: Real or spurious?

Spriggs, Matthew, ed. Marxist Perspectives in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. viii + 158 pp. including photographs, individual bibliographies, index. $39.50 cloth.

Miller, Daniel, and Christopher Tilley, eds. Ideology, Power and Prehistory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. viii + 157 pp. including photographs, individual bibiographies, index. $39.50 cloth.     

Production and reproduction: A reprise

Michael B. Schiffer, ed. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory. New York: Academic Press. 1978, 1979, 1980. Vol. I: xv+426 pp., $24.50; Vol. II, xii + 340 pp., $28.50; Vol. III, xii + 448 pp., $39.50.     

Micro‐Level Interpretation of Exponential Random Graph Models with Application to Estuary Networks

The exponential random graph model (ERGM) is an increasingly popular method for the statistical analysis of networks that can be used to flexibly analyze the processes by which policy actors organize into a network. Often times, interpretation of ERGM results is conducted at the network level, such that effects are related to overall frequencies of network structures (e.g., the number of closed triangles in a network). This limits the utility of the ERGM because there is often interest, particularly in political and policy sciences, in network dynamics at the actor or relationship levels. Micro‐level interpretation of the ERGM has been employed in varied applications in sociology and statistics. We present a comprehensive framework for interpretation of the ERGM at all levels of analysis, which casts network formation as block‐wise updating of a network. These blocks can represent, for example, each potential link, each dyad, the out‐ or in‐going ties of each actor, or the entire network. We contrast this interpretive framework with the stochastic actor‐based model (SABM) of network dynamics. We present the theoretical differences between the ERGM and the SABM and introduce an approach to comparing the models when theory is not sufficiently strong to make the selection a priori. The alternative models we discuss and the interpretation methods we propose are illustrated on previously published data on estuary policy and governance networks.     

Seismic Performance Assessment of Steel Frames with Shape Memory Alloy Connections. Part I — Analysis and Seismic Demands

This article is the first of two companion articles that evaluate the seismic performance of steel moment-resisting frames with innovative beam-to-column connections that incorporate shape memory alloys (SMAs) to dissipate energy and provide recentering effectively during large earthquakes. Two types of SMA elements are considered: (1) superelastic SMA elements with recentering capability and (2) martensitic SMA elements with high energy dissipation capacity. This article describes the fundamental engineering characteristics of these SMA connections, their modeling in connections for nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis of building frames, and the validation of these connection models using data from full-scale experimental tests that were performed in previous research at Georgia Institute of Technology. Using three- and nine-story partially restrained (PR) moment frames selected as case studies from the SAC Phase II Project, nonlinear time history analyses of frames with and without SMA connections were conducted using suites of ground acceleration records. The beneficial effects of SMA connections on peak and residual deformation demands are quantified and discussed.     

New maps

Yu KUNG, the earliest geographical work, is Chinese ; modern geography in China may be considered to have begun after the Revolution of 1911. The progress of geography during the following twenty years was reviewed by Professor Chi‐Yun Chang in the Journal of the Geographical Society of China (1935, 1936). The present survey¹ of Chinese contributions to geography since 1935 is, roughly, a sequel, though the approach is not quite the same. For convenience, the paper is divided into two parts : the first, accompanied by 48 references, dealing with physical aspects, and the second, referring to 53 publications, with human aspects. A much longer paper, in Chinese, with the same title has been contributed by the author to the above‐mentioned periodical. Assistance by C. Y. Wu, H. C. Kuo, and G. C. Dunn is gratefully acknowledged.