The Asiatic marbles of the Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli

Multi-method provenance studies, including petrographic, isotopic, electron paramagnetic resonance and trace chemical analyses, have been carried out on 20 white, 9 black and 1 red artifacts purposely selected to investigate the use and distribution of sculptural marbles at the Hadrian's Villa. A large fraction of the marbles tested (21 samples, 70%) are shown to be from Asia Minor, mostly originating from the recently discovered site of Göktepe near Aphrodisias (15 or 71%). All the 9 black samples investigated and 6 out of 11 white Asiatic marbles are from Göktepe, the remaining being Docimium marble from Iscehisar (4 samples) and Aphrodisias marble from the city quarries (1 sample). The single red sculpture tested proved to be Carian red marble from the Iasos quarries, whereas non-Asiatic marbles include 3 Carrara and 6 Pentelicon samples. The selection of marbles tested is preliminary and incomplete, but, despite this, the results are noteworthy, especially since the marble of other sculptures from the Villa has already been identified as Göktepe. Together with other published results, the marble distribution at the Hadrian's Villa seems to suggest that the use of sculptural marbles in the Roman world underwent considerable changes around the turn of the 1st and the 2nd century AD. The evidence supporting this hypothesis is briefly summarized in the conclusions.     

Freizeitgroßprojekte als Schnittstelle zwischen Freizeitgeographie und Regionalplanung

Die stetig wachsende Vielfalt an neuen Freizeit- und Erholungsformen unterstreicht den entsprechenden Bedarf in unserer heutigen „Erlebnisgesellschaft“. Neben den ruhigen, naturnahen Erholungsformen wie Wandern, Joggen oder Radfahren spielen für die Bürger mittlerweile zunehmend neue, moderne Formen der Freizeitgestaltung etwa in Freizeit- und Erlebnisparks eine bedeutende Rolle.Der Sektor „Freizeit und Erholung“ ist für Gemeinden und Regionen ein bedeutender Wirtschaftsfaktor. Es gibt aber auch Kehrseiten: Schadstoffemissionen und Lärmbelästigungen durch Freizeitverkehr, Belastung von Fauna und Flora, zunehmender Flächenverbrauch durch immer größer dimensionierte Freizeitanlagen bzw. Freizeitgroßprojekte.Sowohl die Freizeitgeographie als angewandte Wissenschaft als auch die Regionalplanung versuchen für das Thema „Freizeit und Erholung“ raumverträgliche Lösungen für die vielfältigen Nutzungskonflikte zu finden. Die im vorliegenden Artikel beschriebene modellhafte Kooperation in der Region München unterstreicht am Beispiel des aktuellen Themas „Freizeitgroßprojekte“ die Schnittstelle zwischen Freizeitgeographie und Regionalplanung.Endprodukt dieser Zusammenarbeit war die Fortschreibung des Kapitels B III „Freizeit und Erholung“ des Regionalplans München mit normativen Vorgaben zu Freizeitgroßprojekten. Die Festlegung verbindlicher Ziele und Grundsätze soll bei einer potentiellen Ansiedlung von Freizeitgroßprojekten in der Region München zu raumverträglichen Lösungen führen.     

Christianity,Tradition, and Everyday Modernity: Towards an Anatomy of Women's Groupings in Melanesia

This paper approaches its central theme of women's groupings in Melanesia via critique of several longstanding shibboleths, including examples of their strategic appropriation by indigenous people. These stereotypes include the romantic image of rural dwellers as pre‐modern traditionalists on whom Christianity is an imposed foreign veneer; the hoary rhetorical opposition of ‘West’ and ‘non‐West’/modernity and tradition/individual and community; and the pervasive essentialization of Melanesian women as ‘naturally’ family‐oriented, communitarian, and less individualistic and competitive than men. Seeking patterns in regional diversity and fragmentation, the paper examines cultural, historical, and structural correlates of a wide range of women's groupings, including National Councils of Women, church women's organizations, and the largely self‐financed local church fellowship groups which are growing steadily in number and significance in the virtual absence of effective state institutions. Increasingly, women's groupings are complementing their traditional Christian spiritual, domestic, and welfare concerns with attention to global feminist, human rights, and ecological issues which are often reworked locally into scarcely recognizable shapes. Eschewing romanticization, the paper considers the potential and the problems of women's groupings in male‐dominated Melanesia, including women's own divisions and their typical aversion to assuming public responsibilities.