应用热裂解气相色谱质谱技术对六种蛋白质类胶结材料的分析与鉴别

利用在线甲基化水解-裂解气相色谱质谱(THM-Py-GC/MS)技术对古代壁画、彩绘等文物中常用的骨胶、皮胶、鱼鳔胶、蛋清、蛋黄和猪血等六种蛋白质类胶结材料进行分析,采用盖蒂保护研究所开发的RAdICAL系统对谱图进行解析,总结了每类材料的特征裂解产物。研究表明,吡咯类化合物,特别是吡咯、二吡咯二酮和哌嗪二酮类化合物可以作为骨胶和皮胶的识别组分,鱼鳔胶的识别组分除了上述吡咯类化合物之外,还包括胆固醇类化合物。吲哚类、血/蛋清标记物、磷酸三甲酯、脯氨酸类化合物是蛋清的识别组分。除了含有蛋清的4种识别成分之外,猪血的识别成分还包括胆固醇类化合物。蛋黄的识别组分是磷酸三甲酯、蛋黄标记物和胆固醇类化合物。最后利用主成分分析法(PCA)对福建省泉州市安海县龙山寺千手观音佛像上脱落的膜状残片的数据和六种蛋白质类胶结材料的数据进行解读,确定了膜状残片的蛋白质类有机材料为动物胶(骨胶或皮胶)和蛋清,证明PCA是一种有效的降维和可视化方法。本研究利用PCA技术对THM-Py-GC/MS数据进行分析解读,且结果可信,为之后该技术的发展提供新的契机。     

生态旅游在中国：研究回顾与本质回归

利用文献法对中国生态旅游的研究历程进行回顾与反思,指出存在的概念、方法和功效问题,并对生态旅游系统的核心予以理论梳理,认为统筹生物多样性和旅游生产力、实施平衡管理是中国生态旅游健康发展的必然选择,生态旅游研究需要强调科学性,重视形态——功能关系分析,探索和发展实地观察方法和实验方法。     

《古兰经》与中国丝绸

丝绸是《古兰经》之天堂想象中的重要物品。《古兰经》对天堂的描绘中,不少地方提到人们将在乐园穿上丝绸。穆罕默德出生于商业重镇麦加,又多年经商,无疑接触过丝绸,彼岸世界是此岸世界的反映,《古兰经》体现了古代阿拉伯人对丝绸的无比喜爱,中华文明也借丝绸与《古兰经》发生了联系。     

新疆阿斯塔那唐墓出土彩塑的制作工艺和颜料分析

新疆阿斯塔那古墓群出土了大量的彩塑,为了解其制作工艺与彩绘颜料成分,采用显微激光拉曼光谱,结合剖面观察和能量色散X射线荧光光谱等科技手段,对出土于唐墓的6个样品进行了分析鉴定.结果表明,泥胎表面先用硬石膏做打底层,再施以彩绘,且彩绘颜料厚薄有异.所使用的红、黄、黑、白和绿色颜料有铅丹、密陀僧、朱砂和土红、雌黄、炭黑、硬石膏及氯铜矿等无机颜料,而粉色彩绘是由铅丹(或铅丹和密陀僧的混合物)与硬石膏调和而成,且密陀僧作为彩绘颜料在新疆是较早的发现.其最为重要的发现是蓝色彩绘为植物性染料——靛蓝.这一研究结果,为进一步的彩塑修复与保护方案的制订提供了有价值参考.     

江南土墩墓与铜礼器器用的偶数用鼎

江南地区土墩墓葬青铜礼器的器用礼俗,偶数用鼎是其中一个突出的表现.无论是墓葬整体器用组合的偶数用鼎,还是用鼎组合内部存在的偶数同形鼎,西周中期以降在宁镇、皖南、江淮以及山东沿海地区均有所见,特别是偶数同形的用鼎礼俗至迟在春秋初期已成为上述地区有别于中原地区列鼎“周制”的显著特色.墓葬青铜礼器用鼎亦揭示出春秋以后广义之“...     

文学之都的太白救赎

<正>2019年,南京荣获联合国教科文组织颁发的"世界文学之都"称号。这是中国第一个,迄今为止也是唯一的一个。当时记者采访我,我说不仅作为现在的南京市民我很激动,我想曾经的那些南京市民,比如说谢安、谢玄、王导、顾恺之,包括李白、王安石,包括曹雪芹、汤显祖,他们可能不是生于南京,却和很多人一样,从远方来到南京,可是在这个城市里,他们生活过,他们高兴、悲伤,他们倾吐心声,他们留下传世之作。那些诗文、那些杰作,他们在这里写就,无论是《牡丹亭》还     

Inheritance relationship between Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon and Ru Guan celadon: Comments on the rationality of Raman Ip value evaluating firing temperature

The development of Chinese ceramics culminated during the Song dynasty. At this time, exquisite celadon works emerged, such as Ru Guan celadon and Southern Song dynasty official kiln celadon, which exhibited the glory of their era. Since the excavation of Zhanggongxiang kiln celadon in Ruzhou city, Henan province, China, it has been attracting widespread scholarly attention at home and abroad. Most scholars have suggested that Zhanggongxiang is the official kiln of the Northern Song dynasty. In this paper, taking the celadon unearthed from the Zhanggongxiang kiln as a sample, the combination of laser Raman spectrum and thermal expansion methods is used to study the inheritance relationship between Zhanggongxiang celadon and Ru Guan celadon in the firing process. Meanwhile, the rationality of using Raman I_p value to evaluate the firing temperature of ceramics is reviewed. The main conclusions are as follows. First, the firing temperature of Zhanggongxiang celadon with various glaze colours is quite different, whereas the firing temperature of the same glaze colour is similar, thereby inheriting the firing technology of Ru Guan porcelain. Second, the I_p value of glaze cannot evaluate the firing temperature of porcelain with similar firing temperature. The I_p value corresponds to a range, within which it does not fully conform to the rule that the larger the I_p value, the higher the firing temperature. The I_p value is also associated with the formulation in addition to firing temperature. It is applicable to evaluating porcelains with a similar formulation but a large temperature difference.     

Interdisciplinary Research into the Legacy of the Medieval Metropolis of Soba in a Modern Khartoum Suburb

Recent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital of Alwa kingdom, whose remains cover approximately 275 ha. About 222 ha of this area has been built up or transformed into agricultural land in the past 30 years. An ethnographic survey was also carried out in the built-up area to understand how the residents engage with the archaeological heritage and material remains. The undeveloped area of the capital (53 ha) was the focus of interdisciplinary archaeological fieldwork conducted in 2019 and 2020. A large-scale geophysical survey, using a fluxgate gradiometer and ground-penetrating radar, was initiated in the undeveloped area, and excavation trenches were opened to verify distinctive magnetic anomalies. Along with the ethnographic and geophysical data, the study of the pottery, burials, and stratigraphic sequence (supplemented with radiocarbon dates) provides new insights into the spatial organization of the medieval capital.

     

A new dysagrionid damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera: Palaeodysagrion) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

AUTHOR, N. &; AUTHOR, P. December 2017. Article title. Alcheringa 42, 301-305. ISSN 0311-5518. Dysagrionidae are common in Paleogene sedimentary rocks, but rarely recorded in the Mesozoic. This family, however, is diverse in Burmese amber. A new dysagrionid damselfly, Palaeodysagrion youlini Zheng, Chang &; Chang sp. nov., is described here based on a well-preserved specimen (holotype) in Burmese amber. The new damselfly provides wing apex and body characters for Palaeodysagrion. It differs from Palaeodysagrion cretacia in having Arc slightly distal of Ax2, the midfork slightly basal of the nodus, Cr and Sn almost perpendicular to RA and RP and in having a simple wing system. This is the fourth dysagrionid damselfly described from the Burmese amber.

Daran Zheng* [dranzheng@gmail.com], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210,008, PR China; Su-Chin Chang [suchin@hku.hk]*, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Bo Wang? [bowang@nigpas.ac.cn], State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210,008, PR China. *Also affiliated with: Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China. ?Also affiliated with: Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100,101, PR China.     

释楚郾客铜量中的“故”字

本文通过将郾客铜量与楚简文字对比,认为郾客铜量中的"■"字当隶定为"■",读为"故",并将包山68号简释为"耆州"的"耆"字改释为"■",此字可能为楚文字中"故"的专字,进而对郾客铜量铭文中仍存在的问题加以探讨,以待考古学的进一步求证。