Kyiv's Nontraditional Immigrants

Two American specialists, one on urban issues and the other on Ukraine, examine the changing character of migration into Kyiv, Ukraine's capital and largest city, during the post-Soviet period. The analysis, based on field work, interviews, and local media sources, demonstrates the increasingly global character of immigration patterns, characterized by changes in points of origin of incoming migrants, percentage of legal versus illegal immigrants, the mix between temporary and permanent migration, motives for relocatipn, and mode of entry, impacts of the new wave of immigration on Ukrainian tolerance for foreigners and on the operation of neighborhood schools in Kyiv are investigated. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: I20, J61, O15. 46 references.     

Chiefdoms and the emergence of private property in land

A prevailing characteristic of complex, stratified societies is unequal access to critical resources, and in most cases land is the most fundamental of those resources. Gaining an understanding how relations to land are transformed is viewed as integral to revealing the origins of social inequality. Recent scholarship has proposed an evolution of property rights in land from open access to private property, the latter condition having been attributed to nation states. However, some scholars have concluded from their examinations of Early Medieval Irish texts that land within Irish chiefdoms was regarded as a commodity. The analysis carried out in this paper reveals that in Early Medieval Ireland some land could be considered to be private property, but the holding and transfer of land was restricted to chieftains and their dependents, the lands of commoners being held communally. The closest counterpart to this mode of land ownership is the form of feudalism proposed for the Classic and Post-Classic Maya.     

Democracy,Equity and Common Property Resource Management in the Indian Subcontinent

This article addresses the relationship between democracy, equity and common property resource management in South Asia, both at the national and at the local level. Its substantive focus will be largely on forests, and its geographical concentration mostly on India, although other sectors (primarily water) and areas (Nepal and Bangladesh) will also be included. The article opens by looking at Garrett Hardin's (1968) three strategies to preserve the commons. It finds that democratic politics is compatible with both privatization and centralization as conserving strategies (although not necessarily successful). With the third approach—local control—democracy has at best a problematic relationship, for where governmental units are the relevant actors, there tends to be more interest in consuming than in conserving or preserving resources at the local level. Local user groups, however, do much better at common property resource management, because they can restrict membership and thus avoid free riders, and they can establish a close linkage in their members' minds between benefits and costs of participating in group discipline to maintain the resource.     

Reviews

Kavosh‐e rasad khaneh‐ye Maragheh va negahi be pishineh‐ye setareh shenasi dar Iran , [The Excavation of the Maragheh Observatory and a Look at the History of Astronomy in Iran], Parviz Varjavand, Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1987, xvi+ 513 pp.

Khans and Shahs: A Documentary Analysis of the Bakhtiyari in Iran , Gene R. Garthwaite, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, xiii + 213 pp., 3 microfiche negatives.

Kalila wa Dimna: An Animal Alleqory of the Mongol Court: The Istanbul University Album , Jill Sanchia Cowen. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989, xiii + 176 pp. + index, 16 color plates and some 75 black‐and‐white illustrations. $40.00.

Content and Context of Visual Arts in the Islamic World , Priscilla Soucek, ed., University Park & London: Pennsylvania State University Press for the College Art Association of America, 1988,277 pp., 223 black‐and‐white‐photographs; hardcover, $42.50

The History of al‐Tabari: Ta'rikh al‐rusul wa'l‐mulük, an Annotated Translation , Muhammad ibn Jarir al‐Tabari, General editor, Ehsan Yar‐Shater, various translators, vols. II, IV, VII.’XVIII, XXVII, XXXV, XXXVII, XXXVIII, New York: State University of New York Press, 1985‐, SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies (ed. Said Amir Arjomand): Bibliotheca Persica (ed. Ehsan Yar‐Shater).

Iran: The Crisis of Democracy 1941–1953 , Fakhreddin Azimi, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989, xi + 344 pp., notes to p. 404, bibliography to p. 422, index to p. 422. $39.95.

The Vanished Imam: Musa al‐Sadr and the Shi'a of Lebanon , Fouad Ajami, Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press, 1986, 228 pp., $17.95.

Freedom from the Self: Sufism, Meditation, and Psychotherapy, Mohammad Shafii, New York: Human Sciences Press, 1985, 261 pp.

A Jeweler's Eye: Islamic Arts of the Book from the Vever Collection , Glenn D. Lowry, with Susan Nemazee. 240 pp., 76 color plates, b&w illus.

An Annotated and Illustrated Checklist of the Vever Collection , Glenn D. Lowry and Milo Cleveland Beach with Roya Marefat and Wheeler M. Thackston. 448 pp., 456 b&w illus.Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and University of Washington Press, Washington, D.C. and Seattle, 1989, 2 volume set, $125.00

Iran in the Twentieth Century: A Political History , M. Reza Ghods. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989, 296 pp., including notes, selected bibliography, index. $35.00 cloth.

Insurgency Through Culture and Religion: The Islamic Revolution of Iran , M. M. Salehi. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, pp. vii + 186. $37.95 cloth.

Qajar Persia , A.K.S. Lambton, Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988, 341 pp., index, hardcover, $27.50.

Nameha‐ye Tab'id , (Letters in Exile), Mirza Aqa Khan Kcrmani, Homa Nateq & Mohammad Firuz, eds., Bonn: Hafez Verlag, 1365/1986, 201 pp., no price indicated.

The Iranian Mojahedin , Ervand Abrahamian, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989, 261 pp., notes, bibliography and index to p. 307, hardcover $27.50

Texte sur Agrargesetzgebung in der Isiamischen Republik Iran, übersetzt, kommentiert und annotiert , [Texts about Agrarian Legislation in the Islamic Republic of Iran], Asghar Schirazi, (Ethnizität und Gesellschaft, Probleme ethnischer grenzziehung in gesellschaften des vordern und mittleren orients, Frcie Univcrsilät Berlin), Berlin: Das Arabisch Buch, 1988, 381 pp.

The Chronicle of Theophanes , Translated from the Greek, with an introduction and notes, by Harry Turtledove, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982, 201 pp.

“The Government of God” — Iran's Islamic Republic , Chery1 Benard & Zalmay Khalilzad, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984, xiv + 240 pp.

Advice on the Art of Governance (Mau'izah‐i Jahangiri) of Muhammad Baqir Najm‐i Sani: An Indo‐Islamic Mirror for Princes , Persian translation with introduction, translation, and notes by Sajida Sultana Alvi, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989, x + 215 pp., Paper $14.95; cloth, $44.50

Cinema in Iran, 1900–1979 , Mohammad Ali Issari, New York: Scarecrow Press, 1990,446 pages. Hardcover. Illustrated.

The Ghazals of Hafez: Concordance and Vocabulary , Daniela Meneghini Correale. Rome: Cultural Institute of the the Islamic Republic of Iran in Italy, 1988, 894 pp.

Naser‐e Khosraw's Book of Travels (Safarnama) Translated from Persian, with introduction and annotation by W.M. Thackston, Jr., Persian Heritage Series, No. 36, New York: Bibliotheca Persica, 1986, xii + 135 pp.

Roots of North Indian Shi'ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722–1858 , J.R.I.Cole, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988, xiv + 327 pp., $38.00.

Musaddiq, Iranian Nationalism, and Oil , James A. Bill and W.M. Roger Louis, eds. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., 1988, 358 pp. Published simultaneously by the University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. $30.00 hardcover.

A Bibliography of Afghanistan , Keith McLachlan & William Whittaker, Cambridgeshire: Middle East & North African Studies Press Limited (Menas Press Ltd.), 1983, xiii, + 671 pp., index, map, hardcover, UK£ 55.25, paperback, UK£ 19.50

The Qashqa'i of Iran , Lois Beck. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, xvi + 384 pp., maps, bibliography (p. 353), and index (p. 369). S30.00 hardback.

Iran Media Index , Hamid Naficy, compiler. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984, xxxiii + 265 pp.

Religious Trends in Early Islamic Iran , Wilferd Madelung, Albany: State University of New York Press (Bibliotheca Persica), 1988, x + 128 pp., hardcover $32.50, paper $9.95

The State and Social Revolution in Iran: A Theoretical Perspective, Farrokh Moshiri, New York: Lang Publishing Inc., 1985, xvii + 232 pp., no price listed.     

INTERREGIONAL FEEDBACKS IN INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS: THE LEAST UPPER BOUND*

ABSTRACT. The least upper bound to the overall percentage error resulting from the omission of interregional feedbacks in input-output analysis is defined. This limiting value is the most informative of all upper bounds. A procedure for its computation is outlined and a number of experiments, using U.S. data, are discussed.     

Missing the boat in lithic procurement: Watercraft and the bulk procurement of tool-stone on the Maritime Peninsula

Recent research has characterized the procurement of lithic raw materials for flaked stone technology as embedded in food procurement activities, and constrained by logistical factors such as mass, time, and energy. Many have assumed that these variables reflect the need for humans to both move themselves to resources, and carry materials with them. This paper explores the implication of these ideas through the development of particular research project in the Maritime Peninsula, in the Northeast of North America. Through this research process, I explore the complex interplay among raw materials, bulk procurement, water transportation, and regional patterning of archaeological lithic assemblages. I initially consider the role of embedded procurement as a structuring mechanism for the relationship between lithic raw-material diversity and catchment, but through a exploration of intersite and inter-feature variability, I consider the role of bulk procurement in this patterning. I conclude that canoes may significantly influence hunter–gatherer lithic procurement, in terms of the extraction of resources, and their reduction and use.     

The Moral Politics of Gendered Labour in Artisanal Mining in Sierra Leone

Drawing on current anthropological approaches to labour, this article examines some of the moral politics mobilized around women and artisanal mining in policy-inflected scholarship with reference to particular gold mining zones in Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone. In so doing, the article proposes that such a focus on labour not only allows one to appreciate how sentiments concerning (im)proper behaviour infuse wider policy proposals to amend social arrangements in regard to what is called ‘artisanal mining’, but it also offers insight into some of the enduring moral politics helping to constitute women as ‘family workers’ in the actual artisanal gold mining zones. The article suggests that examining the overlapping moral politics constituting women's labour practices provides a more supple understanding of the contested economic possibilities for women in this livelihood practice.