Der Kosmos und Kosmas

Kosmas Indikopleustes wird als Beispiel genommen für die durchgehenden Hemmnisse an einem wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt. Dieser war immerhin bei den Heiden in der klassischen Naturlehre für die klassische Physik gegeben. Weiters wird der Kosmos bei Kosmas und die klassischen Weltmodelle mit den neuesten Lehren der Entstehung des Kosmos kurz konfrontiert, um zu zeigen, wie sehr strenge, vor allem religiöse Ideologien seit dem Altertum für den Fortschritt hemmend gewirkt haben. Vor allem trat das dann ein, wenn der Versuch unternommen wurde, weitere Entwicklungen des Kosmos zu ergründen und diskutieren.     

The Need for a Multivocal Approach to Researching and Managing Guam's World War II Underwater Cultural Heritage

Since 2006, four maritime archaeology field schools, desktop and field surveys have been carried out in Guam. In 2012 a site associated with the United States Navy's Construction Battalion (US Seabees) was investigated. This paper summarizes the historical background of Guam and the known sites of maritime archaeological interest, particularly those dating to World War II. The problems of public interpretation of the cultural material of colonial powers are considered, and, using the Seabee site as an example, ways in which Guam's indigenous Chamorro people can be included in this history are presented.     

Mediating the Good Life: Prostitution and the Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1880s–1920s

This article examines how the Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union, in the name of promoting liberty and rights of women in their relations with men, constructed hierarchies to ascribe value to themselves through moral condemnation. The JWCTU used extramarital sex as a political issue to strengthen the position of the legal wife in the household as opposed to the concubine and prostitute. Their efforts to prohibit Japanese women from going abroad as prostitutes, while understood as an attempt to end a system of slavery that violated the inherent rights of Japanese womanhood, was actually a desire to regulate the behaviour of the poor. The JWCTU based its moral reform agenda on the importance of premarital chastity, strict monogamy and the obligation to work for the good of the nation. Its construction of prostitution as evil represents an important strand in the history of the relationship between prostitution and family as a socio‐political issue in modern Japan.