对发展少数民族经济的思考

少数民族地区的经济长期落后是困扰中国经济社会持续发展的重大问题。因此,大力发展少数民族地区经济,促进各民族地区经济的协调发展,已经成为中国的一个重大战略问题。国家面向西部少数民族地区实施的西部大开发战略也有源于此,我们要以加快基础设施建设、加大政策扶持力度、发展民族特色产业、培养引进各类人才为少数民族地区经济发展的突破口,充分发挥后发优势,实现民族地区生产力的跨跃式发展。     

噶尔丹死亡问题考辨

噶尔丹是清初我国厄鲁特蒙古准噶尔部族首领。康熙十八年(1679)自称博硕克图汗,后引军东向,侵喀尔喀。康熙帝乃三次亲征,噶尔丹兵败而死。噶尔丹死因问题,于史事关系颇大,而且牵涉清代史料应用上的思想方法,值得加以深入探讨。一、关于噶尔丹死亡问题的不同说法噶尔丹具体死因,史学界主要有两种说     

和谐社会构建中的文化多样性与可持续发展

和谐社会的构建,为我们尊重民族文化多样性和个性化发展提供了重要的理论依据和宽松的社会环境,并为各民族文化的现实生存和进一步发展创新提供了巨大的空间。在构建社会主义和谐社会中,建设高度的社会主义物质文明、政治文明和精神文明,提倡民族文化多样性,走可持续发展之路。     

太仓半泾河古船可溶盐脱除技术研究

太仓半泾河古船发掘于近海河道,在保护修复工作开展前期,需采取脱盐处理。为全面了解船木含盐情况,针对不同部位不同树种的船体样品中的盐分种类与含量进行检测与分析。结果表明:船体样品所含以Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)为代表的可溶盐,采用超声波辅助加热去离子水浸泡法脱除,20 d可将Cl~-含量控制在1 mg/L,100 d可将SO_4~(2-)含量控制在1 mg/L。本研究结果可为后续保存工作提供有利条件。     

太仓半泾河古船难溶盐脱除效果研究

太仓半泾河古船是近海河道出土的古船,在保护修复工作开展前期,需采取脱盐处理。为全面了解船木含盐情况,针对不同部位不同树种船木样品中的盐分种类与含量进行检测与分析,结果表明:船木所含的难溶盐以硫铁化合物为代表,部分含有FeS_2。船木颜色发黑与船材中的铁离子有关,铁离子主要来源于船上的铁钉,采用金属螯合剂发生螯合反应进行脱除。通过对比研究EDTAHO(EDTA-2Na和H_2O_2复配试剂)、EDTA-2Na和NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O浸泡法的脱盐效果,发现1 000 mL体积分数0.4%中性EDTA-2Na溶液脱盐综合效果最好,44 d内进行两次脱盐可以把铁离子的质量浓度控制在1 mg/L内。通过便携式色差仪检测脱盐后样品的L、a、b值计算色差ΔE接近健康材,且对综纤维素和木质素的损伤最小。最终选用EDTA-2Na作为太仓古船的难溶盐脱除试剂。本研究结果可为后续保存工作提供有利条件。     

隐囊考

隐囊是一种源于印度的以织物为表、以织物或纤维为填充物的圆筒状卧具,南北朝时期由佛教徒和粟特人传入中国北方地区,之后传入南方地区,并成为士族阶层喜爱的晏佚用具。隐囊在南北朝时期和隋唐时期广为流行,宋代以后消失,仅作为名士的象征物在诗文和绘画中出现。     

从中国藏西夏文献看西夏文写经书法风格及成因

西夏文字以其字形方块平整、类似汉字、主要使用毛笔为书写工具的特点,使其具有了少数民族文字书法的独特魅力。目前存世的西夏文文献以佛经为主,故写经书法是西夏文书法的一个重要方面。本文从中国境内收藏的西夏文写本《大般若波罗蜜多经》及与其一同出土的佛经写本残片入手,对比得出西夏文写经书法具有传承自唐代楷书写经并独具地域特色的艺术风格的结论,分析了形成这一风格的的原因,即受到河西走廊佛教传播与写经传承、西夏文化教育制度、宋人尚意书风、西夏境内其他少数民族文字书写风格等四个方面的影响。     

Primal and Dual Access

Accessibility, measuring the ease of reaching potential destinations, is increasingly being considered as an effective indicator to evaluate the performance of transport and land use interactions. Primal accessibility, a generalization of the first accessibility formulation proposed by Hansen, has been widely used in many studies and demonstrated to be a reliable tool for project, program, and policy evaluation. The dual of accessibility, measuring the time required to reach a given number of opportunities, is less often considered but can be used for optimization in location covering-type problems. This article, hence, clarifies the definitions of primal and dual access, and applies both measures to the Minneapolis—St. Paul metropolitan area for auto and transit to demonstrate their practicality as a metropolitan-level measurement. We explore the correlations and differences between the primal and dual access to better understand the relative strengths of the measures. It is found that, as with primal accessibility, dual accessibility is an efficient approach to evaluate accessibility, which is straightforward to calculate and to explain to policy-makers and the public.     

Study on Damage Assessment of Earthen Sites of the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province Based on Fuzzy-AHP and AHP-TOPSIS

ABSTRACT

As a world-renowned heritage site, the Ming Great Wall in Qinghai Province, is an example of an earthen site that is seriously threatened by a series of deterioration. Its damage assessment is the precondition for further protection planning and implementation, but related research was found to be scant. To fill this gap, we explore to study its damage assessment by applying Fuzzy-AHP and AHP-TOPSIS to determine the damage assessment levels for 18 earthen sites selected from Qinghai Province, combined with their occurrence environment, engineering properties of rammed earth, deterioration characteristics, and building technologies. After obtaining and comparing results, the AHP-TOPSIS is indicated to be much closer to the real damage conditions. Therefore, this method is proved to be more suitable for the damage assessment of earthen sites in Qinghai Province. This study also holds the potential application of the AHP-TOPSIS in the damage assessment for other earthen sites in Northwest China.     

文澜阁《四库全书总目》残卷之文献价值

文澜阁《钦定四库全书》内含《钦定四库全书总目》一百二十五册,包背装,开花纸红格写本,每半叶九行,行二十一字,白口,左右双边,钤"古稀天子之宝"(阴文)、"乾隆御览之宝",与其他库书无异.