河北丰宁东沟道下墓葬的新启示

1990年,在河北丰宁东沟道下古墓群发掘了一座石板墓,墓内出土了大量的冶金工具,本文的研究表明这座墓葬可能是属于夏家店上层文化的一个冶金工匠墓葬,该墓葬的发现说明丰宁地区在西周晚期至春秋早期存在着独立的金属制造中心,也存在着专业的冶金工匠,这些发现对中国北方地区青铜时代考古和冶金业研究有很高的参考价值。     

Phytoliths and microcharcoal at Jinluojia archeological site in middle reaches of Yangtze River indicative of paleoclimate and human activity during the last 3000 years

A variety of phytoliths, together with prolific microcharcoal particles, sponge spicules and diatoms were extracted and identified in four cultural layers from an archeological site at Jinluojia, Macheng, Hubei Province, Central China. The warmth (Iw) and aridity (Iph) indices calculated from grass phytoliths reveal warm and wet periods during the West Zhou, early East Zhou, Tang and Song Dynasties whilst cool and dry periods occurred during the late East Zhou, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The paleoclimate conditions reconstructed on the basis of grass phytoliths extracted from archeological sediments are in agreement with those from natural sediments in the Middle Yangtze region. In contrast, the woody phytoliths show a positive correlation with microcharcoal particles, suggesting an anthropogenic contribution to the woody phytoliths from the use of woody plants for fuel during cooking and heating. Two episodes of the enhanced abundance of woody phytoliths and microcharcoal particles were found to occur at East Zhou Dynasty and from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Present, proposed to be a consequence of the population expansion and/or the frequent wars.     

安徽定远池河太平桥的历史及其文物价值

池河太平桥有六百多年的历史,历经多次毁坏、重建以及维修,至今仍跨于池河之上。它曾对南北交通发挥过重要的作用,但现已险象环生。本文通过梳理地方志,以及著名桥梁专家茅以升、唐寰澄等对此桥的记载和研究,探析该桥的建造与维修的历史,并从自然因素、人为因素以及观念因素三个方面分析其目前面临险境的原因。同时,发掘其科技以及文物价值,以期为池河太平桥的维修和保护工作提供参考。     

Comparison of the Different Types of Qinghua Porcelain from Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty of China (ad 1271–1368) by Micro X‐ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (μ‐XRF) and Microscopy

The Yuan Qinghua porcelain produced in the city of Jingdezhen, in China, mainly includes the gaudy blue type, a blue–grey or grey‐coloured type and the type featuring a blue colour with a slight amount of grey. For a long time, only the gaudy blue type was focused on and discussed, while the other two types, which contain equally important information with regard to recovering the manufacturing technology of Yuan Qinghua, were always ignored by scientific researchers. In this paper, by using micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐XRF), spectrophotometry and optical microscopy, all three different types of Yuan Qinghua porcelain are analysed systemically and, based on the analyses of the body, the glaze and the blue decoration, the differences in the materials and the manufacturing technologies of the three different types are discussed. This not only provides a good basis for the reconstruction of the whole picture of the manufacturing process of Yuan Qinghua porcelains in Jingdezhen, but also contributes to database‐building for the identification of Qinghua porcelain.     

科学技术地理学——人文地理学的分支学科之一

科学技术地理学将科学技术作为人类活动的一种特殊形式进行考察,将科学技术发展与地区特定的地理条件结合起来研究,它是人文地理学的分支学科。本文简述科学技术地理学的发展状况、学科特点及其对国家经济建设的重要作用,进而将其基本内容归纳为八个方面:1.科学技术布局的条件;2.科技人材的分布和流动;3.科学技术中心;4.科研与生产结合的地域表现;5.科学技术地域差异和类型;6.科学技术的生态效益和社会效益;7.科学技术的转移与技术市场;8.科学技术的地域体系。     

湖南省市镇规模等级结构的动态研究

本文应用市镇人口规模分布理论,研究了湖南省城市人口规模分布结构的动态变化及其基本特征。同时构造了2000年湖南省市镇序秩--规模分布模型,并利用logistic函数对预测结果进行了验证。预测表明:2000年南省市镇人口、市镇化水平分别约为2174万和32%,特大城市和大城市将扩大为长沙、衡阳、湘潭、株洲、岳阳和常德六市。据此对2000年湖南省市镇等级体系进行了规划。     

20世纪五六十年代的东南亚华侨问题与美国对华遏制政策

中国革命的胜利以及中美对抗格局的形成,使原已存在的东南亚华侨问题更加复杂。美国旋即从遏制中国的角度介入该问题,并制定了详尽的政策。例如,鼓励台湾当局争取华侨支持;排斥中国在华侨教育中的影响;鼓吹“中国威胁论”,破坏中国与东南亚国家的关系;充分发挥香港在华侨政策中的独特作用;等等。1960年,美国又根据形势发展,调整了它对东南亚华侨的政策。但是,不管美国的政策如何变化,其遏制中国的基本目标却始终如一。     

从跑马厅到人民公园人民广场:历史变迁与象征意义

Shanghai Racecourse was established at 1850, it was finally transformed into People's Park and People's Square in 1951. The Racecourse was originally just a simple recreational center. However, with the change of its own function and the trend of thought, it changed into a casino of cheating and murder, a place of discrimination against Chinese, a stage for the imperialists to show off their power and violence and a symbol of all evil things. The appeal to change the Racecourse echoed to the demand of opposing imperialism, taking back the concession, desire for civilization and democracy. From 1930s to 1950s, even though great change took place in the ruling party and the political power, there was an obvious continuity in the domain of thought and ideology. __________ Translated by Li Dan from the version submitted to the symposium of “Cultural succession and historical memory” held at Sichuan University, Oct. 17–18, 2007     

刘向《列士传》佚文辑校

刘向,在历史上以校勘群书而享誉千载,沛人,传附见《汉书·楚元王传》.字子政,原名更生,四十八岁时,即竟宁元年(前33年)五月,汉元帝病死,成帝即位,闲置不用十余年的刘向终于再次被启用,此时始更名"向".他是汉帝宗室,汉高祖刘邦同父少弟楚元王刘交的四世孙.历仕宣、元、成、哀四朝,官至光禄大夫、中垒校尉,故后人称刘光禄、刘中垒.