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991.
Sophie Roux 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2009,130(1):165-175
Sans résumé
? Lève la peau, dissèque: ici commencent les machines. Puis, tu te perds dans une substance inexplicable, étrangère à tout
ce que tu sais et qui est pourtant l’essentielle. ?
Paul Valéry, Tel quel, Cahier B 1910
Ses recherches portent sur l’épistémologie, l’histoire des sciences et l’histoire de la philosophie à l’age classique (xvi
e-xvii
e siècles). Elle a notamment dirigé avec Walter Roy Laird, Mechanics and Natural Philosophy before the Scientific
Revolution (Dortrecht/Boston/Londres, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2007), puis, en collaboration avec Massimo Bucciantini et Michele
Camerota, Mechanics and Cosmology in the Medieval and
Early Modern Period (Florence, Olschki, 2007). 相似文献
992.
Matthew C. Curtis 《African Archaeological Review》2009,26(4):327-350
Archaeological research carried out between 1998 and 2003 on the Asmara Plateau of Eritrea has provided new insights concerning
the development of early-to-mid first millennium BC settled agropastoral communities in the northern Horn of Africa. The settlement,
subsistence, and material culture of these communities in the greater Asmara area, referred to as the “Ancient Ona culture,”
bear both unique qualities and striking similarities to coeval communities in Tigray, Ethiopia. This article provides an overview
of regional settlement data and ceramic and lithic traditions from the greater Asmara area, drawing comparisons to other contexts
of this period in the archaeology of the wider northern Horn. It is argued that we can see among the Ancient Ona sites distinct
localized cultural expressions and development as well as strong links to a wider first millennium BC macro-cultural identity. 相似文献
993.
David W. Phillipson 《African Archaeological Review》2009,26(4):257-274
An overview is offered of the development of research—both archaeological and epigraphic—on the inhabitants of the northern
Horn during the first millennium bc. Initially, reconstructions of this period placed considerable emphasis on links with southern Arabia and tended to group
those into a single cultural category that was designated ‘Pre-Aksumite’. It is now argued that long-distance contacts were
much less pervasive, being largely restricted to the élite, and that other aspects of life—including much material culture
and subsistence economy—displayed strong local continuity from earlier times. Similarly, it is argued that interpretation
of the epigraphic evidence as indicating a single ‘Pre-Aksumite’ state called D'MT is unjustified. 相似文献
994.
In Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia, Aboriginal men made up more than half of the domestic servant population by 1938. They replaced the Chinese and Malay male servants who had worked for British colonists in the early colonial period. Much of the historical work on male domestic servants in colonial situations plots the construction of the ‘houseboy’ as emasculated, feminised and submissive. In contrast, colonial constructions of Aboriginal men as ‘houseboys’ in Darwin emphasise the masculinity of the Aboriginal hunter. Aboriginal men were characterised as requiring constant discipline and training, and this paternalistic discourse led to a corresponding denial of manhood or adulthood for Aboriginal men. While male domestic servants in other colonial settings were allowed some privileges of masculinity in relation to female workers, amongst Aboriginal domestic workers, it was so‐called ‘half‐caste’ women who, in acknowledgment of their ‘white blood’, received nominally higher wages and privileges for domestic work. Aboriginal men were denied what was referred to as a ‘breadwinning’ wage; an Australian wage awarded to white men with families. Despite this, their role as husbands was encouraged by the administration as a method of controlling sexual relations between white men and Aboriginal women. These sometimes contradictory images can be understood as manifestations of the racialised construction of gender in Australia. 相似文献
995.
José M. Díaz-Puente Adolfo Cazorla Ignacio de los Ríos 《European Planning Studies》2009,17(3):365-387
Innovation is increasingly supported by public authority action focused on regions and small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this line, the region of Madrid launched a programme to create Technology Diffusion Centres (TDCs) in order to promote innovation culture among the SMEs of the region. This article analyses the nature of innovation activities in these firms, and the achievements of the TDCs through their work with them. Different types of TDCs are compared according to the approach they applied and the agent to which they were linked. Ten indicators were used to examine the degree of embeddedness and performance of the different TDCs among the SMEs. Results show that a sectoral approach in conjunction with links to business association is the best option for the TDCs in urban and industrial areas. However, in the peripheral or less favourable areas, such as rural ones, a territorial approach in conjunction with links to local entities is the most effective alternative. 相似文献
996.
Anthony Pagden 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(3):421-436
This article examines the significance accorded to the discovery of America in the period between 1492 and the publication of Alexander von Humboldt’s Kosmos in 1855. It argues that, the « discovery » of America was perceived as the « uncovering » of not merely a place, but of an epistemological challenge which both transformed, Europe’s intellectual dependence on Antiquity, and shaped its evolving perception of both space and time. It argues that, after the discovery, human history came to be seen, in terms of as series of inventions all of them related to human movement, which were projected, as more and more of the globe was « discovered » into an unpredictable future. 相似文献
997.
Olivier Remaud 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(1):105-123
Closely linked to the concept of history, the notion of culture becomes a collective singular during the last third of the xviii th century. The German idea of culture did not immediately come into opposition with the notion of civilization and both terms were for a long time almost identical in meaning. What does the polemical orientation of the German notion of culture reveal from 1880–1890? First, the crumbling of the idealistic neo-kantian pattern of self-determined cultivated person as an end in itself (the so-called Selbstbildung); second, the growing moral condemnation of the empty spirit of the time. This double process reaches its apogee full of hatred during World War I. 相似文献
998.
Philippe Despoix 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(3):341-361
In his fragment on music, Max Weber reduces the empirically describable musical object to the «technical medium» utilized by each culture on condition that its analysis remains heterogeneous in the face of aesthetic valorisations. Weber emphasises that the phonographic reproduction of sound constitutes the condition of possibility of an empirical analysis of the musical material, the point of departure of a modern comparative musicology. The empirical approach and cultural comparison thus appear linked in an «empirico-transcendental» crossover which makes both an object and an a priori out of the technical medium. The article explains this methodological choice and its consequences for a comparative sociology of art. 相似文献
999.
Jan Apel 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(1):91-111
In this paper, the craftsmanship of the Late Neolithic flint daggers in Scandianvia is investigated. The purpose of the investigation
is to map the degree of skill invested in each production stage of the daggers and then relate the degree of craftsmanship
to social factors. This is achieved by applying an operational-chain approach to the dagger production system, and by comparison
with anthropologically and historically documented crafts in traditional societies. It is concluded that the daggers required
knowledge of complicated recipes of action as well as a well-developed muscle memory that can only be acquired through practice.
Thus, the craft is interpreted as demanding some form of an institutionalised apprenticeship system that could guarantee that
it could be reproduced for at least 24 generations. It is further suggested that the flint dagger technology was consciously
organised to keep the recipes of action of the technology exclusive to certain segments of the society. 相似文献
1000.