从珍藏到曾藏 纪念夏衍捐赠浙江省博物馆书画珍品二十周年

1989年10月,浙江省博物馆入藏了一批艺术价值不菲且作品又成系列的书画珍品。这批藏品共计94个编目,包括：扬州画派作品34目;齐白石精品25目;明清蓝瑛、王翠等作品15目;以及吴昌硕、黄宾虹、张大千、郭沫若、沈钧儒、沈尹默、田汉等近现代名家翰墨21目。它极大地丰富了浙江省博物馆的馆藏。而这批藏品的捐赠者将永远为人所怀念,他就是夏衍。     

明清州县监狱的牢头

明清州县监狱由地方行政长官控制,州县长官称为"有狱官"。州县监狱设施简陋,社会治安及诉讼多的州县,往往关押人犯很多,以数量有限制的官、吏、卒等对囚犯实施管理,往往捉襟见肘,乃至力不从心,因此在囚犯中任命牢头协助管理囚犯,是州县监狱管理狱囚的无奈选择。牢头为恶,在明清时期是世人皆知的问题,他们在监狱中恃强凌弱、动用私刑,操其他狱囚生死于股掌之间。也有一些州县官,采取措施制止牢头在狱中对其他囚犯动用私刑,并能将囚犯组织起来,对监狱实施有效管理。不过,明清时期的牢头和私刑问题并没有得到有效遏制。     

试论丝绸对世界文明的贡献

丝绸伴随着人类文明的诞生与发展,有着丰富的文化内涵。丝绸的生产技术,满足了人们物质和精神的双重需要。本文主要论述了古代丝绸在文化传播和科学技术上对世界文明的贡献。     

论儒、释、道思想对白居易的影响

作为继杜甫之后又一位伟大的现实主义诗人,白居易一生深受佛教思想的影响。早期儒家思想是其积极参政的动力,而经历仕途的坎坷和生活的挫折之后,佛道思想又成为其追求解脱的思想方式。尤其是佛教的禅宗思想已然成为他生命中的一部分。本文以自居易的诗作和其生命历程为中心,分析了儒、释、道思想对其一生的影响。     

蒙古族教育制度的演变

本文论述了蒙古民族在历史上的作用及其教育制度的演变,得出了"民族发展是民族教育的根本条件,民族教育反过来促进民族的发展,发展民族教育必须依靠民族本身的努力和正确的教育政策"的结论.     

别开生面的史书——读《金启孮谈北京的满族》

别开生面的史书--<金启孮谈北京的满族>,是金先生在亲闻亲历亲见的素材加以研究、比较,使素材系统化、条理化、科学化,于晚年呕心沥血写成的.先生写了满族上层更多的是满族下层.先生在书中不在多处乏采用文学艺术作品的写作手法,开创了写史书的新篇章新方法.先生独抒己见,不受任何"框框"的束缚,以满族观点追写满族之往事.     

Experimental analysis of rubble stone masonry walls strengthened by transverse confinement under compression and compression-shear loadings

Stone masonry walls of ancient buildings have reasonable resistance to vertical loads but lower resistance to shear forces and reduced tensile strength. However, to achieve such compressive strength the masonry must not disaggregate when subjected to loading. This can be achieved if during the construction of the walls larger stones, usually referred as “through stones”, are used, spanning the thickness of the wall, making it possible to improve the transverse confinement of the masonry. For rehabilitation projects and structural reinforcement of such buildings, the transverse confinement can be achieved by fixing steel elements perpendicular to the wall. This confinement technique is often part of a more comprehensive rehabilitation solution, which includes the application of mortar or concrete reinforced layers applied to the wall surface.

This article presents results of an experimental research on material properties and mechanical characterisation of stone masonry specimens strengthened by two transverse confinement solutions (independent steel reinforcing rods and continuous steel ribbons wrapping the specimen). Specimens were tested under compression and compression and shear loadings.

This experimental work is part of a major research project to study the mechanical behavior of URM and strengthened walls, and the characteristics of the building materials of such specimens.     

Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Strengthened by Three-Dimensional Steel Ties and Textile-Reinforced Mortar Render,Under Compression and Shear Loads

This article addresses the results of a structural strengthening solution for rubble stone masonry walls. The strengthening includes inserting three-dimensional steel ties across the thickness of the walls and a 30-mm layer of air-lime and cement mortar render reinforced with glass fiber mesh (textile-reinforced mortar), on both sides of the wall. The strengthening solution was found to be efficient for rehabilitating ancient rubble stone masonry walls due to the “three-dimensional” confinement, provided by the steel wires, by offsetting the low cohesive capacity of the mortar used in the walls and thus improving the mechanical resistance and delaying the collapse mechanisms. This study is part of an experimental research program carried out in Universidade Nova de Lisboa, to evaluate structural strengthening solutions for ancient rubble stone masonry buildings. To this end, three specimens of rubble stone masonry walls without strengthening (unreinforced masonry) and other three, with the mentioned strengthening solution, were subjected to compression and shear load tests. Building materials were also tested in order to characterize physical, chemical and mechanical properties.     

河南地区新石器时代生业方式初探

本文通过梳理河南地区动植物考古研究成果,对新石器时代(距今10000年—4000年)河南地区豫北、郑洛和豫西南三个区域的生业方式进行了初步的综合研究和探讨。研究表明,新石器时代中期河南地区是以采集渔猎为主、种植农作物和饲养家畜为辅的生业模式,经过新石器时代晚期的过渡,发展为以种植农作物和饲养家畜为主、采集渔猎为辅的生业模式;新石器时代末期,农作物中新加入了大豆和小麦,家畜中新加入了黄牛和绵羊,多种农作物种植和家畜饲养方式逐渐形成。人类对动植物资源的掌控、文化和资源的交流是生业发展的主因,同时自然环境对生业起到了制约和促进两方面的影响。在古代社会发展与文明进步的进程中,生业起到了不可或缺的重要作用。     

甘肃省两西地区扶贫开发性移民的系统动力学仿真研究

甘肃省中部干旱地区是我国最贫困的地区之一。从1983年起,国家对这一地区采取了"开发性移民"措施,即将中部地区部分贫困人口移往河西走廊地区和中部引黄灌区的"甘肃省两西移民活动"。本文,分析了甘肃省两西地区开发性移民的机制及效益;借助系统动力学(Ssytem Dynamics)方法,建立了移民对策的仿真模型,通过模型的运行,制定了未来16年间的6种移民方案,这些方案为两酉地区的移民安置提供了科学依据。