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Axel Karenberg 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2013,22(1):3-4
Abstract The origins of the neonatal neurological examination are described with their common basis attributable to evolutionary theory, the classical neurosciences, clinical neurology, and developmental psychology. It is shown that not only have the techniques of the bedside examination changed over the past half century but the purpose of the examination has also evolved; initially the examination was used to assess maturation of the developing infant, now it is used to determine whether cerebral pathology may be present and whether examination abnormalities are helpful in outcome assessment. The development of several of the current neonatal neurological examinations are reviewed and their clinical and scientific basis examined. 相似文献
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Judith Westerink Dagmar Haase Annette Bauer Joe Ravetz Françoise Jarrige Carmen B.E. M. Aalbers 《European Planning Studies》2013,21(4):473-497
The compact city has become a leading concept in the planning of peri-urban areas. The compact city concept is often advocated as “sustainable” because of claims that include lower emissions and conservation of the countryside. The literature shows, however, that there are certain trade-offs in striving for compaction, especially between environmental and social aspects of sustainability. In this article, we describe expressions of the compact city concept in the planning practice of several European urban sample regions, as well as policies and developments that contradict the compact city. We look at examples of positive and negative impacts of the compact city that were observed in the sample regions. Further, we discuss attempts by planners to deal with sustainability trade-offs. Being aware that developments in the peri-urban areas are closely connected to those in the inner city, we compare the sample regions in order to learn how the compact city concept has been used in planning peri-urban areas across different contexts in Europe: in Western, Central and Mediterranean Europe, and with growing, stable or declining populations. We conclude with recommendations with respect to balance in applying the compact city concept. 相似文献
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Sonia O’Connor Esam Ali Salim Al-Sabah Danish Anwar Ed Bergström Keri A. Brown Jo Buckberry Stephen Buckley Matthew Collins John Denton Konrad M. Dorling Adam Dowle Phil Duffey Howell G.M. Edwards Elsa Correia Faria Peter Gardner Andy Gledhill Karl Heaton Carl Heron Rob Janaway Brendan J. Keely David King Anthony Masinton Kirsty Penkman Axel Petzold Matthew D. Pickering Martin Rumsby Holger Schutkowski Kimberley A. Shackleton Jerry Thomas Jane Thomas-Oates Maria-Raimonda Usai Andrew S. Wilson Terry O’Connor 《Journal of archaeological science》2011
Archaeological work in advance of construction at a site on the edge of York, UK, yielded human remains of prehistoric to Romano-British date. Amongst these was a mandible and cranium, the intra-cranial space of which contained shrunken but macroscopically recognizable remains of a brain. Although the distinctive surface morphology of the organ is preserved, little recognizable brain histology survives. Though rare, the survival of brain tissue in otherwise skeletalised human remains from wet burial environments is not unique. A survey of the literature shows that similar brain masses have been previously reported in diverse circumstances. We argue for a greater awareness of these brain masses and for more attention to be paid to their detection and identification in order to improve the reporting rate and to allow a more comprehensive study of this rare archaeological survival. 相似文献
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Ute Bauer 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2011,35(4):139-140
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