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881.
James K. Feathers Jack Johnson Silvia Rodriguez Kembel 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(3):266-296
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is applied to quartz extracted from mud mortar collected from Chavín de Huántar, an
early Andean monumental center. The samples appear to have been only partially exposed to sunlight during construction, so
a minimum age model is applied to equivalent dose distributions. Complications, including complex radioactivity, low sensitivity
of the quartz, and limited sample, prevent high precision, but the 14 dates obtained cluster around 1000 BC largely in agreement
with radiocarbon assays on charcoal also collected from the mortar. Results suggest a relatively rapid construction for the
monument. This work develops OSL as a method for directly dating architectural mortar. 相似文献
882.
Bertrand Binoche 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(1):85-103
With the word «exchange», the confusion is often made between the savage of social contract and the savage of the market. This paper would a contrario set the one against the other, in showing how the two characters agree in fact to two absolutely different kinds of argumentation, which the Enlightenment led to coexist according to very distinct issues. Then the modern term of «civil society» has never solved this ambiguity and we find here the matter of several teachings, because it is possible to think at once about what is a «concept», a «historicity» and a «citizen». Methodology, anthropology and politics come therefore into sight as three horizons of an analysis which does not want to reduce the equivocation, but rather to measure its wealth. 相似文献
883.
Mark A. Rees 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):338-359
Acadian expulsion from Nova Scotia and subsequent settlement in south Louisiana during the late eighteenth century have inspired
numerous studies since the 1970s concerning their history, cultural practices, and ethnic identity. The transformative landscape
of south Louisiana is the milieu where actions, experiences, and perception interconnect with collective memory and historical
consciousness in the production of Cajun identity. The resulting historical narratives and commemorations constitute a heritage
landscape known as Acadiana, where monuments, memorials, historic sites, and parks reaffirm and reproduce this identity. An
historical archaeology of Acadiana, including a recent investigation of the Amand Broussard homesite, offers a unique opportunity
for cultural analysis and historical critique. 相似文献
884.
Rob Mann 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):319-337
This study asks the question, “What happens when the colonizers become the colonized?” It examines the social, cultural and political-economic transformations that took place as first the British and then the Americans wrested control of Great Lakes fur trade from the French and their Native American allies. One result was the ethnic segmentation of the fur trade labor market, which attempted to relegate Canadiens to the role of fur trade laborers. In response Canadien traders constructed homes and identities that were constitutive of both their fur trade society heritage and their political-economic position. 相似文献
885.
Kenta Ohji 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2008,129(1):57-83
In the Histoire des deux Indes, the concept of civilization applies initially to the making of modern Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire, in which the commerce does much to promote the civil and political «enfranchisement» of the third-estate in sovereign states. For Raynal, this historical experience of Europeans serves as paradigm, based upon which he depreciates the civilization of the ancient empires of the two Indies, and also elaborates various political proposals for transformation, or even for abolition, of the European colonial empires. Thus, universalizing the political structure of modern Europe, and pursuing the realization of civil and political liberty in diverse modes, he announces the advent of historical and political space of the modern world, composed of nation-states against the background of the global commercial networks. 相似文献
886.
887.
Optical dating of alluvial deposits at the orogenic front of the andean precordillera (Mendoza,Argentina) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silke Schmidt Sumiko Tsukamoto Eric Salomon Manfred Frechen Ralf Hetzel 《Geochronometria》2012,39(1):62-75
Well constrained numerical ages of alluvial fan sediments are key to understanding the chronology of alluvial episodes and
tectonic activity at the front of the Andean Precordillera. We tested the application of radiocarbon and optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) dating in the distal part of an alluvial fan five kilometers north of Mendoza. For OSL dating a large number
of aliquots (n > 70) — each composed of ∼50 quartz grains — were measured in order to obtain reliable burial ages despite
scattered dose distributions. Owing to a feldspar contamination in all samples, an infrared stimulation was inserted before
each OSL measurement, which reduced the feldspar OSL signal successfully. By using the minimum age model we obtained stratigraphically
consistent burial ages of alluvial deposits in a depth profile. The uppermost ∼1 m of sediment is composed of debris flow
deposits buried 770±76 years ago. Three plant remnants used for radiocarbon dating from the same layer, however, yielded ages
younger than 350 years, which are interpreted to underestimate the depositional age. Underneath the debris flow, a major unconformity
cuts a series of distal alluvial fan sediments with interstratified floodplain deposits, which are composed of sandy and calciterich
silt layers, respectively. Three samples from this unit which were distributed over one meter of sediment thickness yielded
statistically concordant OSL ages of 12.3±1.2 ka, 12.3±1.2 ka, and 11.7±1.1 ka. The deposition of these sediments during the
latest Pleistocene coincides with a phase of cool and humid climate, which occurred before the alluvial fan propagated farther
into the foreland. The overlying debris flow sediments are associated with alluvial fan incision during the arid Late Holocene. 相似文献
888.
Martin J. Smith Paul Kneller Denise Elliott Christine Young Harry Manley David Osselton 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(1):75-89
This article presents a multidisciplinary analysis of a human skull with preserved soft tissue curated by a small museum in
Boscastle, Cornwall, UK. The skull lacks a mandible and is coated in a black tar-like substance. Records left by a previous
museum curator (now deceased) claimed the skull to be the head of a medieval execution victim. The skull was purportedly recovered
from a London church that was destroyed during the Second World War where it had been kept in a carved oak box. If these details
are correct, the skull would appear to have been venerated as a relic. The skull and box have been analysed using a range
of techniques including computerised tomography, laser scanning, microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and radiocarbon dating.
These analyses demonstrated the skull in fact to be that of an Egyptian mummy dating from the Ptolemaic period. Other instances
have been noted of parts of Egyptian mummies being presented as European saintly relics, and the ‘Boscastle skull’ would appear
to be an example of such. A wider point illustrated by the work presented here is that sufficient application of modern analytical
techniques may reveal considerable information regarding human remains which otherwise have little or no provenance. This
point strengthens arguments for the retention of such remains by curating institutions. 相似文献
889.
Daniel Rufer Edwin Gnos Ralph Mettier Frank Preusser Guido Schreurs 《Geochronometria》2012,39(1):48-56
The application of luminescence dating to young volcanic sediments has been first investigated over three decades ago, but
it was only with the technical innovations of the last decade that such analyses became viable. While current analytical procedures
show promise for dating late Quaternary volcanic events, most efforts have been aimed at unconsolidated volcanic tephra. Investigations
into direct dating of lava flows or of non-heated volcanoclastics like phreatic explosion layers, however, remain scarce.
These volcanic deposits are of common occurrence and represent important chrono- and volcanostratigraphic markers. Their age
determination is therefore of great importance in volcanologic, tectonic, geomorphological and climate studies. In this article,
we propose the use of phreatic explosion deposits and xenolithic inclusions in lava flows as target materials for luminescence
dating applications. The main focus is on the crucial criterion whether it is probable that such materials experience complete
luminescence signal resetting during the volcanic event to be dated. This is argued based on the findings from existing literature,
model calculations and laboratory tests. 相似文献
890.
Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):498-526
“Powered cultural landscapes” is my term for landscapes that express social power dynamics. Historical archaeologists have
not adopted or developed adequate definitions or theorizations of the terms “power” or “landscape.” Since these terms are
predominantly considered separately in the literature, this article first briefly defines power and develops a heterarchical
theory of power. Then cultural landscapes are defined and categories of human-landscape interactions are constructed. The
bulk of the article applies my heterarchical paradigm to analyze the social power dynamics in selected examples of historical
archaeological research concerned with each category of human-landscape interaction. 相似文献