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201.
Alan Mayne 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(4):553-562
Much of the excitement generated in Britain since 2007 by the York Archaeological Trust’s excavations of the city’s Hungate
neighborhood, which Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree characterized as a “slum” in his pioneering poverty survey of 1901, derives
from the unexpected volume and variety of material evidence uncovered about life in a poor community within a modern industrial
city. Such material evidence and its often uncertain relationships to other historical data can enhance analysis by complicating
understanding of the past, rather than echoing conventional wisdom. Findings from Hungate can thus contribute to nuanced understandings
of urban social disadvantage not only at the neighborhood level in this one particular British city, but at the larger scales
of analysis that encompass the growth of cities and interacting urban regions in Britain and around the world during the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries. These understandings have contemporary relevance for a world in which over half of humanity now lives
in urban areas, as misconceptions about “slums” continue to undermine efforts to reduce urban inequality. 相似文献
202.
Stacey Lynn Camp 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):305-328
In late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America, the consumption of American-made goods was seen as an expression
of one’s patriotism and loyalty to the nation. According to a number of historical archaeological case studies, racialized
groups, such as African Americans and Chinese Americans, used consumption as a way of gaining access to the full benefits
of American citizenship typically reserved for individuals deemed “white” by law. The material culture of Mexican immigrants
living in early twentieth-century Los Angeles tells a slightly different tale. Despite being ascribed a legal whiteness, archaeological
and documentary data suggest that Mexican immigrants expressed ambivalence toward their consumption of American goods and
outright rejected the notion that exerting such buying power would lead to a broader acceptance in Anglo American society. 相似文献
203.
Mark Gardiner 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(4):707-724
This study examines how the archaeology of historic Ireland has been interpreted. Two approaches to the history and archaeology of Ireland are identified. The first, the timeless past, has its roots in a neo-Lamarckian view of the past. This perspective was particularly developed in the work of geographer and ethnographer, Estyn Evans. The second view, associated in particular with a nationalist approach to Ireland’s past, looked to the west of the country where it was believed the culture had been preserved largely unchanged and in its purest form. The continuing impact of these frameworks upon the interpretation of rural settlement in the period 1200–1700 is examined. It is argued that historians and archaeologists alike have underestimated the quality of buildings. 相似文献
204.
Jonas M. Nordin 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):358-380
History was an important notion in constructing an industrial capitalist society in the nineteenth century. This article deals
with the manifest use of history at the Stockholm Exhibition of 1897. At this exhibition, history was ubiquitous and was most
fully expressed in the model of medieval and Renaissance Stockholm called “Old Stockholm.” The history of nineteenth- and
twentieth-century exhibitions in general has been thoroughly studied in the field of humanities. However, the specific use
of history and space has not attracted much interest. This analysis of the model of Old Stockholm is of the first archaeological
study of remains of the great exhibitions ever to have been done. Even though the “Old Stockholm” pavilion was exceedingly
popular in the summer of 1897, only very scarce documentation has survived. An archaeological excavation of parts of the temporary
historical models, such as the “Hospital of the Holy Spirit,” showed convincing evidence of the hegemonic position which the
use of history enjoyed at the exhibition and in the nineteenth century. 相似文献
205.
Troy R. Lovata 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(2):194-205
Anasazi-era archaeology sites have been extremely popular tourist attractions since the 1890s, but one site—the cliff dwellings
in Manitou Springs, Colorado—stands apart because it is a fake. The site was constructed at the turn of the twentieth century
as a more accessible tourist alternative to Four Corners-area Anasazi ruins. The story of its construction and how it continues
to cater to its visitors offers insight into the ways in which archaeology sites function as tourist destination. The Manitou
Cliff Dwellings forces scholars to consider questions of authenticity, authority, and how people engage the past. 相似文献
206.
Eileen M. Murphy 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):409-428
Cilliní—or children’s burial grounds—were the designated resting places for unbaptized infants and other members of Irish society
who were considered unsuitable by the Roman Catholic Church for burial in consecrated ground. The sites appear to have proliferated
from the seventeenth century onwards in the wake of the Counter-Reformation. While a number of previous studies have attempted
to relate their apparently marginal characteristics to the liminality of Limbo, evidence drawn from the archaeological record
and oral history accounts suggests that it was only the Roman Catholic Church that considered cilliní, and those interred within, to be marginal. In contrast, the evidence suggests that the families of the dead regarded the
cemeteries as important places of burial and treated them in a similar manner to consecrated burial grounds. 相似文献
207.
Ewa Smolska 《Geochronometria》2011,38(4):325-333
This study focuses on the analysis of the structural and textural features of the colluvial (deluvial) deposits in the Suwałki
Lake District (NE Poland) and their absolute age. The colluvium has a thickness of up to 150 cm. The dates of the peat under
colluvium or lowermost fossil humus-rich horizons point to the ages from 5405±80 BP to 480 BP. Deposition of material at the
footslope is a result of a denudation triggered by human action (surface water erosion and tillage erosion) and usually corresponds
with the settlement stages. The 14C dating of deposited sediment sometimes indicated to older dates of colluvium then the archaeological evidence available
for examined sites. Locally, the overlying fossil humic horizon was older then the lowermost one. The textural features of
the colluvial deposits such as: the content of fine fraction, weak sorting and relationship between the mean grain-size (Mz)
and the sorting index (σ1) were used to recognize sediment redeposited from the upper part of the slope. Basing on the mineral composition and electrical
conductivity of fossil humus horizon it is possible to say whether the soil was degraded or aggraded. These features of the
humus-rich horizons occurring between colluvial sediments can be used to explain discrepancy between the radiocarbon dating
and archaeological evidence. 相似文献
208.
Constantin Athanassas 《Geochronometria》2011,38(4):413-423
Difficulties in evaluating accurate equivalent doses for Late Quaternary sediments from the south coasts of Greece arose in
the course of SAR measurements. Large scatter among apparent equivalent doses perplexed the evaluation of accurate mean estimates
in circumstances where very large doses were involved. Besides, dose recovery experiments revealed that when intersection
of the natural signal occurs onto the saturating segment of the growth curve, a distinct relationship between De and growth curve shape occurs. At very low slope angles, SAR tends to overestimate the recovered dose. The mechanism which
controls the spread in equivalent dose estimation is investigated. 相似文献
209.
Construction of a quartz OSL standardised growth curve (SGC) for aeolian samples from the Horqin dunefield in northeastern China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It has been suggested that the standardised growth curve (SGC) method can be used to de-terminate De accurately and reduce the measurement time. However, different opinions regarding the applicability of the SGC method exist.
In this paper, we report the construction of quartz OSL SGC for 35 aeolian samples from different parts of the Horqin dunefield
in northeastern China, and then test their applicability for De determination. Our results suggest that: 1) up to a regeneration dose of 80 Gy, the SGC of the Horqin dunefield can be fitted
using the exponential plus linear equation, with the r2 value of 0.97, and all the regeneration dose points closely stick to the fitting line, implying that all samples share a
very similar dose-response curve; 2) for samples with Des ranging from 1 to 50 Gy, the ratios of SAR De to SGC De fall within the range of 0.9–1.1, and the average ratio of SAR De to SGC De is 1.01±0.01, close to unity. Therefore, the construction of SGC is correct, and the SGC is an effective procedure for accurate
De determination for samples from the study area. 相似文献
210.
Tobias Lauer Rainer Bonn Manfred Frechen Magret C. Fuchs Marcus Trier Sumiko Tsukamoto 《Geochronometria》2011,38(4):341-349
Due to the construction of a new North-South subway in Cologne, Roman time harbour sediments were exposed and were sampled
for luminescence dating. A very good independent age control was given by the precise knowledge of the chronology of Roman
activity and by radiocarbon ages of charcoal samples. Hence, different methodological approaches within luminescence dating
were applied for Holocene heterogeneously bleached fluvial samples and were compared to the known ages. For one sample, optically
stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was applied to coarse-grained quartz using a single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol.
After De-measurements, different statistical approaches were tested (i.e. arithmetic mean, median, minimum age model, finite mixture
model, leading edge method and the Fuchs and Lang approach). It is demonstrated that the Fuchs and Lang approach along with
the leading edge method yielded the best matching OSL ages with respect to the known ages. 相似文献