Surveying in the Antarctic

A Naturalist in Mid‐Africa. Being an account of a Journey to the Mountains of the Moon and Tanganyika. By G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., F.L.S., F.E.G.S. Pp. xvi + 413, 49 figs., frontispiece, and 4 maps. 8vo. London: A. D. Innes and Co., 1896. Pp. xiii + 413. Price 16s.

A Breath from the Veldt. By John Guille Millais, F.Z.S. London: Henry Sotheran and Co., 1895. Pp. 236. Price £3, 3s. net.

Peru. Von E. W. Middendorf. III. Band : Das Hochland von Peru. Berlin : Robert Oppenheim (Gustav Schimdt), 1895.

Tafilet. The Narrative of a Journey of Exploration in the Atlas Mountains and the Oases of the North‐West Sahara. By Walter B. Harris, F.E.G.S., author of “A Journey through the Yemen,” “The Land of an African Sultan,” VOL. XII. Q

“Travels in Morocco,” etc. Illustrated by Maurice Romberg from Sketches and Photographs by the Author. Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1895. Pages xii + 386. Price 12s.

From Far Formosa: The Island, its People, and Missions. By G. L. Mackay, D.D. Edited by the Rev. J. A. Macdonald. Edinburgh : Oliphant, Anderson, and Ferrier, 1896. 346 pp. Price 7s. 6d.

The Geology and Scenery of Sutherland. By H. M. Cadell, B.Sc., etc. Second edition. Edinburgh : Douglas, 1896. Pp. 104. Price 4s.

The Place‐Names of Fife and Kinross. By W. J. N. Liddall, M.A., Advocate. Edinburgh : W. Green and Sons, 1896. 8vo., pp. xiv. + 58.

Die Liparischen Inseln. Fünftes Heft—Filicuri. Prag : Heinr. Mercy, 1895.

Australien und Ozeanien. Eine allgemeine Landeskunde von Professor Dr. Wilhelm Sievers. Mit 137 Abbildungen im Text, 12 Kartenbeilagen, und 20 Tafeln in Holzschnitt und Farbendruck. Leipzig und Wien. Bibliographisches Institut, 1895. Pp. 521. Price 16 M.

Ritters Geographisch‐Statistisches Lexikon. Achte Auflage: Unter der Redaktion [von Johs. Penzler. Zweiter Band, L‐Z. Leipzig, 1895. 1202 pp.

The Natural History of Plants: their Forms, Growth, Reproduction and Distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun, Professor of Botany in the University of Vienna. Translated and edited by F. W. Oliver, M.A., D.Sc., Quain Professor of Botany in University College, London, with the assistance of Marian Busk, B.Sc., and Mart F. Ewart, B.Sc. With about 2000 original woodcut illustrations and sixteen plates in colours. Vol. i., Biology and Configuration of Plants, pp. xiv. + 777 ; vol. ii., The History of Plants, pp. xiv.+983. London and Glasgow: Blackie and Son, Limited, 1894 and 1895.

Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis. By Sir R. Lambert Platfair, K.C.M.G. Fifth edition, thoroughly revised. London : John Murray, 1895. Pp. 363. Price 10s. 6d.

Cassell's New Geographical Readers. Fifth Book—Europe. Sixth Book—The British Colonies and Dependencies. Seventh Book—The United States. London, etc. : Cassell and Co., 1895. Prices 1s. 6d., 1s. 6d., 1s. 9d., respectively.

The Statesman's Year‐Book. Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1896. Edited by J. Scott Keltie, Assistant Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, with the assistance of I. P. A. Renwick, M.A., LL.B. London : Macmillan and Co., 1896. Pp. xxxii+1164.

The Australian Handbook, Shippers’ and Importers’ Directory and Business Guide for 1896. London, Melbourne, etc. : Gordon and Gotch. Pp. 632.

Beobachtungen der Russischen Polarstation an der Lenamündung. 1. Theil. Astronomische und Magnetische Beobachtungen. 1882–4. Bearbeitet von V. Fuss, F. Müller, and K. Jürgens. St. Petersburg : 1895.     

Lewis

EUROPE.

Spanish Summer. By George Craig Stewart. Milwaukee : Morehouse Publishing Company, 1928. Price 5 dollars.

Travels in France during the years 1787, 1788, and 1789. By Arthur Young. Edited by Constantia Maxwell, Lecturer in Modern History, Trinity College, Dublin. Cambridge : University Press, 1929. Price 12s. 6d.

French France. By Oliver Maddox Hueffer. London : Ernest Benn Ltd., 1929. Price 10s. 6d.

Things Seen in Sicily. By Isabel Emerson. London : Seeley, Service, and Co. Ltd., 1929. Price 3s. 6d.

A Wayfarer in the Pyrenees. By E. I. Robson. With 12 Illustrations by J. R. E. Howard, and a Map. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1929. Price 7s. 6d.

ASIA.

In Java and the Neighbouring Islands of the Dutch East Indies. By John C. Van Dyke. London : Charles Scribners Sons, 1929. Price 8s. 6d.

Express to Hindustan. By M. H. Ellis. London: John Lane (The Bodley Head Ltd.), 1929. Price 12s. 6d.

From Leipsig to Cabul. By G. Stratil‐Sauer. Translated by Frederic Whyte. London : Hutchinson and Co. Ltd., 1929. Price 18s.

A Persian Caravan. By A. Cecil Edwards. London : Duckworth and Co. Ltd., 1928. Price 8s. 6d.

Bush Whacking and Other Tales from Malaya. By Sir Hugh Clifford. London : William Heinemann Ltd., 1929. Price 10s. 6d.

Asie des Moussons. Tome IX. Par Jules Sion. Première Partie, Chine‐Japon, 1928. Deuxième Partie, Inde‐Indochine‐Insulinde, 1929. Paris: Armand Colin. Price 70 francs each part.

AFRICA.

Kirk on the Zambesi: A Chapter of African History. By R. Coupland, M.A., C.I.E., Beit Professor of Colonial History, Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928. Price 18s. net.

Lion: African Adventure with the King of Beasts. By Martin Johnson. New York and London : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1929. Price 21s.

AMERICA.

The South American Handbook, 1929. Edited by J. A. Hunter. Founded upon The Anglo‐South American Handbook of the late W. H. Koebel. London : South American Publications Ltd. Price 2s. 6d.

Géographie Universelle, publiée sous la direction de R. Vidal de la Blache et L. Gallois. Tome XV. Amérique du Sud. Par P. Denis. Première Partie, Prix 50 francs ; Deuxième Partie, Prix 70 francs. Paris: Armand Colin, 1927.

GENERAL.

High Pressure: Being some Record of Activities in the Service of "The Times” Newspaper. By Colonel Lionel James, C.B.E., D.S.O. London: John Murray, 1929. Price 12s. net.

On Mediterranean Shores. By Emil Ludwig. Translated from the German by Eden and Cedar Paul. With Illustrations. London : George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1929. Price 10s. 6d.

Anson's Voyage round the World. By Richard Walter, M.A., Captain to the Flagship Centurion. A New Edition with Prefatory Notes by G. S. Laird Clowes. London: Martin Hopkinson. Boston : Charles E. Lauriat Co., 1928. Price £1, 11s. 6d.

Buccaneers of the Pacific. By George Wycherley. London: John Lane (The Bodley Head Ltd.,) 1929. Price 21s.

Astronomy and Cosmogony. By J. H. Jkans, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. London : Cambridge University Press, 1928. Price 31s. 6d. net.

Europa. 3 Auflage. Europa ausser Deutschland. Von Professor Dr. Alfred Philippson. Price 22 RM. Afrika. 3 Auflage. Von Professor Dr. Fritz Jaeger. Price 20 RM. Allgemeiner Länderkunde, begründet von Professor Dr. Wilhelm Sievers, neu herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Hans Meyer. Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut A.G., 1928.

EDUCATIONAL.

The Trade of the Indian Ocean. By V. Anstey, B.Sc. “The University Geography” Series. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., 1929 Price 8s. 6d.     

In situ preservation of archaeological bone: a histological study within a multidisciplinary approach

To make preservation in situ a serious option for the management of archaeological sites, research has to be done on the factors affecting conservation of different archaeological materials, including bone. A European project has been started which deals with bone degradation in a multidisciplinary way. The goals of the project are to develop techniques to describe the preservation of archaeological bone, to make a classification of soil environments according to their preservation potential and to detect what factors in the environment of the bone affect its conservation. One technique used in this project to determine the state of preservation of archaeological bone is histology. The relevance of this technique for archaeological heritage management research is discussed.     

A Role for Geomorphology in Integrated Catchment Management

Catchments (watersheds) are integrated through water movements. Water moves sediments; and the translocation of materials has geomorphic and pedological responses. Fertiliser and pesticide residues and other toxic substances are also transported by water, in solution and attached to sediment particles, affecting various ecological components of catchments. The insertion of pollutants is directly caused by land‐use practices. In turn, land uses are influenced by the pedo‐geomorphology of the catchments (uplands, valley sides, flood plains and terraces, spurs and hollows, convexities and concavities; position in the upper, middle or lower catchment; and by catenary relationships). Therefore catchment management must deal with interrelationships amongst human activities and various geomorphic elements. Several case study examples from southwestern Australia demonstrate the importance of geomorphology in catchment management. They include: rates of hillslope erosion and translocation of P in micro‐catchments within a drainage basin context; stream salinisation; accumulation of heavy metals in stream sediments; geomorphic elements influencing the spread of weeds and the erosion of access tracks; and some relationships between valley‐side land uses and stream morphology. The incorporation of these and other issues in a management strategy is then illustrated. Complex skills are involved in producing and implementing a management strategy, including but extending well beyond those of the geomorphologist.     

A History of the Concept of Spatial Autocorrelation: A Geographer's Perspective

Spatial autocorrelation is a concept that helps to define the field of spatial analysis. It is central to studies using spatial statistics and spatial econometrics. In this paper, we trace the early development of the concept and explain the academic links that brought the concept to the fore in the late 1960s. In geography, the importance of the work of Michael F. Dacey, Andrew D. Cliff, and J. Keith Ord is emphasized. Later, with the publication of a volume on spatial econometrics by Luc Anselin, spatial research and the use of the concept of spatial autocorrelation received a considerable boost. These developments are outlined together with comments about recent and possible future trends in spatial autocorrelation-based research.     

The Euro: Faith Hope and Parity

The inauguration of the euro as the currency of the European Union is the most far‐reaching step so far taken in the long‐term movement for regional political and economic integration. The new money demonstrates that the initial customs union established by the Treaty of Rome has grown to such an extent that member states are willing to surrender control over their national central banks and currencies. Only three members of the EU have refused to join—Britain, Denmark and Sweden. Despite widespread scepticism, the euro so far has been a success. The new currency, while a dramatic innovation, is also congruent with financial dimensions that can be traced through the history of the European Community. The experience of inflation in the 1960s and 1970s was a powerful incentive to establish strong European central banking institutions. The euro is both derivative from and competitor with the US dollar, and American historical experience over the long term as well as foreign policies since the Second World War are germane to analysis. For Britain, remaining outside the euro zone so far has not brought negative consequences and may have been beneficial to the economy. For most member governments of the EU, the opportunity to pool resources through a regional currency understandably has been a persuasive incentive, especially given the enormous growth of private capital markets. The creation of the euro has been facilitated by the shifting nature of money. Currencies have changed from distinctive national components of the highly structured Bretton Woods system to relatively freely traded commodities, and the traditional distinctive characteristics of money have been blurred with the evolution of credit markets, financial instruments and technology. The fundamental test of the euro will occur when member states face differentiated political pressures to inflate economies in order to combat unemployment. To date, the European currency has been the latest confirmation of the insight of Jean Monnet and others to employ economic integration to reduce the likelihood of a resurgence of militarism and war.