古村落景区游客拥挤感知维度与游憩情绪影响机制研究——以西递、宏村为例

拥挤感知被认为是影响游客的游憩体验和满意度的重要指标,通过构建拥挤感知的多维度变化来探讨游客情绪的变化对满意度的影响研究仍不成熟。本文以西递、宏村为研究案例地,运用结构方程模型分析方法,构建空间拥挤、人潮拥挤和体验拥挤维度对游客游憩过程的影响模型,探讨了游客拥挤三个维度的影响因素。研究表明：①人潮拥挤对情感依附型游客积极情绪呈正向影响;②空间拥挤增加消极情绪,与游客满意度呈负相关关系;③体验拥挤对游客积极情绪呈显著负向影响;④人潮拥挤-积极情绪-满意度（0.359）之间的相互关系强于人潮拥挤-消极情绪-满意度（0.128）;空间拥挤-积极情绪-游客满意度（-0.241）的关联度强于空间拥挤-消极情绪-游客满意度（-0.142）;体验拥挤-积极情绪-游客满意度（-0.167）之间的影响关系弱于体验拥挤-消极情绪-游客满意度（-0.213）;⑤人口特征对拥挤感知的影响差异显著。     

Systems and Boundaries in International History

The recent transnational, global, and cultural turns have challenged international historians to reconsider the approach, purpose, and value of their field. Although the new trends are beneficial to the extent that they challenge the premise that the nation-state should be the primary framework of historical inquiry, the boundaries of international history have expanded too far, and the cultural turn's preoccupation with national discourses at the expense of international structures and processes is diverting the field away from the analysis of the causes of war and the conditions of peace. The author argues that international history should distinguish itself from global and transnational history by drawing clear yet open disciplinary boundaries. Every field of inquiry needs some consensus about what it is, where it is going and why: in other words, an identity, purpose, and values. The author argues that what defines international history is its focus on the origins, structures, processes, and outcomes of international politics, above all the causes of war and the conditions of peace.     

Authenticity,antiquity and archaeology

If nationalism shaped the assumptions and methods of archaeology for well over a century, archaeological concepts and practices made a significant contribution to the nationalist ideal of the distinctive, territorial nation. This is partly because nationalism and archaeology shared a belief in the ethnic uniqueness and tangibility of archaeological cultures, and partly because of the influence of key archaeological concepts and practices. The latter included a profound concern with the authenticity of material cultures; the related belief in ethnic rootedness in the historic territory; archaeology's well‐known interest in the antiquity of civilisations; and its use of the stratigraphic method to analyse continuity and change. Aside from these contributions, the archaeological domain provides a repertoire of vivid symbolism in its often spectacular ‘finds’, which have been able to express and embody the nation's unique culture and the intimate nature of the national bond.     

Sexual crime in the Irish Free State 1922–33: its nature,extent and reporting

This paper explores sexual crime in the Irish Free State through the utilisation of hitherto unexamined files held in the National Archives in Dublin. An exploration of these files has provided a deepening understanding of the realities of sexual crime, societal attitudes towards it and the views of those charged with protecting the public. The files also provide valuable insights into attitudes towards female sexuality, the nation's youth and the rights of children. Additionally, the files have facilitated the widest study, to date, of the reporting of sexual offences trials by local and national newspapers – a study that shows that the overwhelming majority of sexual crime prosecutions were never reported in the nation's press and that those that were, were reported in ways that obscured the actual nature of the offence or portrayed them as alien, non-Irish crimes committed by outsiders. The article demonstrates that sexual crime in the Free State was an ideological as well as a law enforcement issue in a newly emerging state sensitive to the views of its enemies and the outside world and insecure about its place in it, a nation that legitimised itself, in no small part, as a beacon of Celtic Catholic purity in a world otherwise sullied by sin.