Reviews

Geoffrey Hawker, Who's Master, Who's Servant? Reforming Bureaucracy, Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1981, pp. 100. $12.95, $5.95 (paper).

Robert Catley and Bruce McFarlane Australian Capitalism in Boom and Depression: Options for the 1980's, Chippendale, Alternative Publishing Cooperative Ltd, 1981, pp. 249. $21.95, $9.95 (paper).

Robert Birrell and Tanya Birrell, An Issue of People: Population and Australian Society, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1981, pp. 277. $9.95.

Jim Kemeny, The Myth of Home Ownership; Private Versus Public Choices in Housing Tenures, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. 173. 6.95 (paper—Routledge Direct Editions).

R.F. Henderson (ed), The Welfare Stakes: Strategies for Australian Social Policy. Melbourne; Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, 1981. $6.95.

Heather Radi, Peter Spearritt, Elizabeth Hinton Biographical Register of the New South Wales Parliament 1901–1970 Canberra, ANU Press, 1979, pp. 302. $24.95, $12.50 (paper).

R.L. Mathews (ed), Regional Disparities and Economic Development, Canberra, Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations and the ANU Press, pp. 254, $12.00 (paper).

Grant Amyot, The Italian Communist Party, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 252 212.95; Carl Boggs and David Plotke (eds), The Politics of Eurocommunism: Socialism in Transition, London, Mac‐millan, 1980, pp. 479. $13.95

J.A. Ballard (ed), Policy‐Making in a New State: Papua New Guinea 1972–77, St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1981, pp. 331. $25.

Joseph Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy; The Maoist Era and its Aftermath, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1980, pp. 311. 225.

L.J. Macfarlane, The Right to Strike, Harmond‐sworth, Penguin, 1981, pp. 201. $6.95.

Ian Bradley, Breaking the Mould? The Birth and Prospects of the Social Democratic Party, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1981, pp. 172. 22.95 (paper).

Shirley Williams, Politics is for People, Harmond‐sworth, Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 230. $6.95.

V.L. Allen, The Militancy of British Miners, Bail‐don Green, Yorkshire, The Moor Press (distributed in Australia by Australian Studies Books), 1981, pp. 337. n.p.a.

Robert Behrens, The Conservative Party From Heath to Thatcher: Policies and Politics 1974–1979, Farnborough, Saxon House, 1980, pp. 139. $20.50.

Neill Nugent and Roger King (eds), The British Right: Conservative and Right Wing Politics in Britain, Farnborough, Saxon House, 1977, pp. 230. $31.00.

Ahmed Mohiddin, African Socialism in Two Countries, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 231. 212.50.

Jan Jelmert Jorgenson, Uganda: A Modern History, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 381. 213.95.

Mohammed Ayoob (ed), The Middle East in World Politics, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 217. 210.95.

Aryeh Y. Yodfat and Yuval Arnon‐Ohanna, PLO Strategy and Tactics, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 225.211.50.

David Lane, Leninism: a sociological interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 150. 213.50, 24.50 (paper).

Donald C. Hodges, The Bureaucratization of Socialism, The University of Massachusetts Press, 1981, pp. 210. $15.00.

Marshall S. Shatz, Soviet Dissent in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 214. $32.25.

Seweryn Bialer (ed), The Domestic Context of Soviet Foreign Policy, Boulder, Colorado & London, Westview/Croom Helm, 441 pp. 214.95.

Raymond Plant, Harry Lesser and Peter Taylor‐Gooby, Political Philosophy and Social Welfare: Essays on the Normative Basis of Welfare Provision, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 262. 8.95, 4.95 (paper).

William E. Connolly, Appearance and Reality in Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 218.15.00.

Jane J. Mansbridge, Beyond Adversary Democracy, New York, Basic Books, 1980, pp. 377. US$20.

William A. Galston, Justice and the Human Good, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp. 324. US$27.95.

Norma Grieve and Patricia Grimshaw (eds), Australian Women. Feminist Perspectives, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 333. $9.95 (paper).

Joni Lovenduski and Jill Hills (eds).Tfie Politics of the Second Electorate: Women and Public Participation. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. 332. 6.95 (paper).

E.M. Ettorre, Lesbians, Women and Society, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 208. $13.95.

Jane Lewis, The Politics of Motherhood, Child and Maternal Welfare in England 1900–1939, London, Croom Helm 1980, pp. 235. $17.50.

Dale Spender, Man Made Language, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 250. 4.95 (paper).     

Mortgage Interest Deductions and the Consumption Theory of Land Rent

The internal structure of the city is in part determined by the nature of public institutions, including the manner in which governments tax households. Using the graphical consumption theory of land rent, it is demonstrated that the geography of the city differs between places where deductions are allowed and places where they are not allowed. Changes in mortgage interest payment deductions can offset changes in mortgage interest rates. Without countervailing planning policies, mortgage interest deductions may also provide an impetus for urban decay.
La structure interne de la ville est partiellement déterminée par les institutions publiques, y compris la méthode utilisée par les gouvernements pour déterminer l'impôt sur le revenu. La théorie graphique de la consommation du loyer des terres démontre que la structure interne d'une ville est différente entre les lieux où les paiements d'intérêt d'hypothèque peuvent être déduits du revenu pour atteindre un revenu imposable réduit, et les lieux où telles déductions ne sont pas permises. Les changements du paiement des déductions d'intérêt d'hypothèque peuvent compenser pour les changements de taux d'intérêt d'hypothèque. Sans contrevaloir les prévisions d'organisation, les déductions d'intérêt d'hypothèque peuvent aussi fournir l'élan pour la décadence urbaine.     

Executive diplomacy: multilateralism, unilateralism and managing American power

The clash between unilateralists and multilateralists dominates contemporary debate, with many assuming that American foreign policy must result from nothing more or less than a tug of war between the two. The practicalities of diplomacy at a juncture of competing viewpoints on American power reveal, however, that this old dichotomy simply has lost steam as a policy–making engine. Springing straight from today's front pages and centred in the transatlantic conversation over America's role in the world, this article throws into question how America and its allies grapple for international initiative. Managing American power demands a new concept—anchored as much in the social arena of consensus formation described by Jürgen Habermas as in the experience of corporate officers leading a large business. The article argues that the real world challenges facing America as unrivalled superpower have strained the old approach, and asks if managing American influence has to continue as an either/or choice between ‘going it alone’ or waiting for others to recognize new threats. Or might it instead transform into a quest for integrating key constituencies behind practical action?     

The 1932 and 1944 Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine: rewards for ground-breaking studies in neurophysiology

In 1932 Sherrington and Adrian were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons" and in 1944 Erlanger and Gasser were awarded the same prize "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres." Sherrington made important discoveries on the reflex functions of the spinal cord, formulated the concept of the "synapse," defined the principle of the "final common path," studied "reciprocal innervation" and showed that central inhibition was an active phenomenon. He distinguished three types of receptors: extero-, intero-, and proprioceptive, studied the proprioceptive reflexes in the decerebrate animal and mapped their pathways in the spinal cord. Adrian made fundamental discoveries on the function of single nerve fibers, developed new techniques for the amplification of the weak signals and discovered that increased stimulation resulted in increased frequency of the impulses, the amplitude being unaffected. Erlanger and Gasser introduced the cathode-ray oscillograph and demonstrated the existence of three main groups of nerve fibers, A, B, and C, the conduction velocities of which were in approximately linear relationship with the fiber diameter, the A-fibers being the fastest and thickest and the C-fibers the slowest and having the finest diameter. Together the contributions by the four Laureates paved the way to modern neurophysiology.     

New specimens of Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea,Caimaninae) from the Miocene of Brazil and Bolivia and their taxonomic and morphological implications

Cidade, G.M., Souza-Filho, J.P., Hsiou, A.S., Brochu, C.A., & Riff, D., 18 March 2019. New specimens of Mourasuchus (Alligatoroidea, Caimaninae) from the Miocene of Brazil and Bolivia and their taxonomic and anatomic implications. Alcheringa 43, 261–278. ISSN 0311-5518.

Mourasuchus is one of the most peculiar crocodylians of all time, showing an unusual ‘duck-faced’ rostrum with thin, gracile mandibles. It includes four species restricted to the South American Miocene. Here, we describe ten late Miocene specimens of Mourasuchus, nine from the Solimões Formation of Brazil and one from Bolivia. All specimens are assigned to M. arendsi, but this assignment may change as the diversity and relationships within Mourasuchus are better understood. We also discuss several issues pertinent to the morphology of Mourasuchus: the presence of a braincase neomorph (the laterocaudal bridge), hypotheses about sexual dimorphism, the function of the squamosal ‘horns’ the presence of possible thermoregulatory functions in the genus. Additionally, the paleogeographic distribution of Mourasuchus in the Miocene of South America is also discussed.

Giovanne M. Cidade* [giovannecidade@hotmail.com], Universidade de São Paulo Campus de Ribeirao Preto, Biologia, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-900, Brazil; Jonas P. Souza-filho [jpdesouzafilho@hotmail.com], Universidade Federal do Acre, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário, UFAC, BR 364, Km 4, Distrito industrial, CEP 69915-900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil; Annie Schmaltz Hsiou [anniehsiou@ffclrp.usp.br], Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Biologia, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, Brazil; Christopher A. Brochu [chris-brochu@uiowa.edu], University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; Douglas Riff [driff2@gmail.com], Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, 38400902, Brazil.