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151.
Archaeobotanical and GIS-based approaches to prehistoric agriculture in the upper Ying valley,Henan, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Archaeobotanical survey has sampled a series of late Neolithic to early Bronze Age settlements in the upper Ying valley (part of the central plain of China) and provided useful data for understanding prehistoric arable ecology and farming during a period of increasing local social complexity. A combination of the modelling functions offered by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the data reduction possibilities offered by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allow us to explore possible relationships between local arable ecology, crop-processing strategies and the natural environment. The results should be treated cautiously given the size of the analytical sample but suggest that differences in the natural environment around each site may explain varying patterns of wild food collection, while social and cultural factors may better explain variation in farming practice and crop-processing at different sites. 相似文献
152.
Andrew Smith 《European Planning Studies》2010,18(3):385-410
In recent years, several cities have constructed new sports facilities in concentrated areas or supplemented existing facilities to create a themed sport zone. Some have branded these areas as “sports cities” to give them visibility and coherence. This research assesses the rationale for these projects, in particular, their potential value as new tourist areas for cities. Although the relationship between sport and cities is an established part of urban studies, there is currently little research that explicitly addresses this new phenomenon of themed areas of cities dedicated to sport. To address the lack of previous work, existing literature on comparable manifestations of themed urban areas is used as a conceptual basis for the paper. A comparative analysis is then conducted of four specific schemes: “SportCity”, Manchester (UK); “The International Sports Village”, Cardiff (UK); “The Aspire Zone”, Doha (Qatar) and “Dubai Sports City” (UAE). These different sports-city zones are compared and evaluated with reference to issues raised in the literature. The paper concludes that, to be successful, sports-city zones need to be planned as such, and not merely employed as convenient brands for existing events facilities. 相似文献
153.
晚清直隶的查学和视学制度——兼与日本比较 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
近代中国地方视学制度虽源于欧美、日本,但“省视学”的职权范围不仅超出了对教育的内在事项(教学内容、教学方法)进行指导、监督的一般定义,扩大到教育的外在事项(校舍、校具、学校财政),而且有权检查各地学务管理机构的设置及人员配备、各地办学经费收支等等。特别是“省视学”兼及人事权,对于不称职的教员、学堂管理员甚至劝学所总董(县视学),可商由提学使即行撤换。这一方面反映了此制度建立伊始,对职能、权限的界定模糊;另一方面也符合清朝试图通过地方“视学”以加强中央对地方教育控制之本来目的。 相似文献
154.
155.
156.
This paper compares two contrasting Australian case studies in the archaeology of Indigenous-European interaction: one mission-like
in its intent, the Aboriginal Settlement for Tasmanian Aborigines at Wybalenna on Flinders Island in the Bass Strait (1833–47),
the other the Lutheran mission at Lake Killalpaninna (1867–1928) investigated by the Central Australia Archaeology Project
(CAAP). Each of the two case studies adopted different strategies of investigation. Wybalenna was a small excavation while
Killalpaninna was an extensive surface survey. Both studies reveal diversity in the range of responses to a missionizing program,
providing evidence of agency in the formation of the archaeological record. They demonstrate the value of the material evidence
and the significance of archaeology in contributing to a more sensitive understanding of the interaction process by providing
an alternative to textual sources. 相似文献
157.
Andrew Fyfe 《Oceania; a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific》2009,79(2):121-161
ABSTRACT New Guinea is the most linguistically diverse region in the world. Over 1,000 languages are found there. Unsurprisingly, controversy exists concerning the degree to which this diversity has been shaped by migration or interaction. At the centre of this controversy is the putative origin and migration path of Austronesian speakers. The advent of Lapita ceramic ware in Melanesia around 3,000 years ago is seen by some as important evidence for their arrival; nevertheless the validity of using Lapita as a marker for Austronesian populations remains in question. The Upper Sepik is one of New Guinea's most linguistically heterogeneous regions. Because it is not marked by far‐reaching exchange systems the region's language and material culture distributions provide potential for exploring such issues. This paper discusses these in the context of an analysis of important ethnographic collections from the region. It is shown that when material culture is assessed technologically and stylistically it is easier to determine an effect for important variables such as language and distance. Additionally, it is demonstrated that as men and women often have different levels of mobility and sociality, classes of material culture belonging to each may differentially reflect important socio‐historical processes. 相似文献
158.
What Were We Thinking? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article outlines the context in geography and statistics in the mid 1960s, at the height of geography's so-called "quantitative revolution," that led us into a long-term collaboration about spatial statistics, which has continued in surges and lulls for some 40 years. We focus upon problems in spatial autocorrelation, including the measurement of autocorrelation, distribution theory, and variable geographical lattices. This narrative may not describe how it was, but it does describe how we remember the events of the time. 相似文献
159.
Lucinda Backwell Robyn Pickering Don Brothwell Lee Berger Michael Witcomb David Martill Kirsty Penkman Andrew Wilson 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
Until now, the oldest known human hair was from a 9000-year-old South American mummy. Here we report fossil hairs of probable human origin that exceed that age by about 200,000 years. The hairs have been discovered in a brown hyaena (Parahyaena brunnea) coprolite from Gladysvale cave in South Africa. The coprolite is part of a hyaena latrine preserved in calcified cave sediment dated between 195,000 and 257,000 years ago. This find supports the hypothesis that hyaenas accumulated some of the early hominin remains found in cave sites, and provides a new source of information on Pleistocene mammals in the Sterkfontein Valley. 相似文献
160.
Andrew Martindale Bryn Letham Duncan McLaren David Archer Meghan Burchell Bernd R. Schöne 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
Following earlier examples of mapping the subsurface of shell bearing sites using augering, we employ percussion coring to identify early Holocene shell midden components at two types of sites on the Northwest Coast of North America. We describe a method for mapping subsurface components at shell bearing sites including basal deposits, paleosols and transitions between distinct cultural components. Our research was undertaken for the purpose of identifying early Holocene shell middens above the modern shore, and as components below large shell midden villages. Our results augment the developmental trajectory of shell middens on the Northwest Coast by suggesting that pre-5000 BP forms of these sites may be more common than previously thought. In light of these results, we argue that the Northwest Coast cultural historical sequence, which locates an increase in the number and rate of accumulation of shell middens beginning 5000 years ago, to be premature. However, there are insufficient data from shell middens in the early Holocene, a sampling problem that the percussion coring methods described here can address. 相似文献