Systematic position of two Early Devonian sinistral heterostrophic gastropods from the Garra Limestone,New South Wales

Two Early Devonian gastropod genera, Garraspira gen. nov. and Anoriostoma from the GarraLimestone, with sinistrally heterostrophic shells, share several shell features and are placed in the new tribe Anoriostomatini within the subfamily Agnesiinae. In contrast to the other members of the latter subfamily these genera represent a lineage in which the apertural slit was lost during evolution. This fact supports the opinion that the presence or absence of the apertural slit does not necessarily have significance for high-level taxonomy. Morphology of the gerontic whorl in Anoriostoma sinistra and Garraspira imtsitata suggests their limited mobility during the last ontogenetic stage.     

The grotesque in the plays of Enda Walsh

This article attempts to outline the aesthetic of Enda Walsh's dramatic oeuvre, viewing it as fundamentally grotesque. Plays such as The New Electric Ballroom, The Walworth Farce, and Penelope have generally enjoyed a most enthusiastic reception; however, reviewers and critics have remained largely baffled as to where exactly these intoxicating pieces have left them. A plausible way of addressing the distinctive combination of citationality, the intermingling of genres, linguistic brilliance, circuitous structure, pathological interaction between characters, and the darkest humour, may consist in juxtaposing Walsh's technique with concepts of the grotesque as outlined, alternately, by Mikhail Bakhtin and Wolfgang Kayser. The consequent observations on the grotesque in Walsh's plays are followed by a query as regards the moral dimension of Walsh's aesthetic, focusing on their position in relation to Bakhtin's assertion of the liberating potential of the grotesque as opposed to Kayser's insistence on the grotesque coming across as essentially bleak and hopeless.     

基于遥感的城市边缘区土地利用动态监测

城市边缘区在城市地域结构体系中处于城市与乡村的过渡地带,从而既属于生态环境脆弱带,又属于城市区域人文因素高度复合带,其时空特征表现出十分迅速和不稳定的特征。及时了解和掌握城市边缘区土地利用变化的状况,对于合理进行城市规划,调整用地结构,实现区域可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文以LandsatTM为基本信息源,以Coreldraw和ARC/INFO为主要支撑软件,完成了实验区从1987年到1996年的城市边缘区土地利用动态监测与分析。此技术路线能够有效地提取城市边缘区土地利用动态信息,工作周期短,误差积累少,定性定位准确率高     

Path-development trajectories and barriers perceived by stakeholders in two Central European less developed regions: narrow or broad choice?

This paper aims at the comprehension of feasible development trajectories conceptualized within the new path-development model in the case of two less developed regions in Central Europe (CE). The main new element of this paper comprises the examination of the perception of key barriers and mechanisms hindering particular evolutionary trajectories by regional stakeholders and their comparison with those conceptualized in the literature. Although conceptual characteristics of prevailing path types in different regional innovation systems do exist, empirical verification from less developed regions such as those in CE is insufficient. On the basis of interviews with regional stakeholders, a typology of barriers for pathways conceptualized to date was elaborated from a CE perspective. Our study showed that the feasibility of a more radical path is hindered by a wide range of barriers operating at different levels. The elaborated typology of barriers for various path-development trajectories outlined the main hindrances constraining key regional actors, linkages and institutions. Given the general weakness of the overall RIS, path-extension and path-modernization trajectories are bound to be the most realistic options for this type of less developed regions. Our study revealed existing regional dynamics as built predominately upon incremental changes within rooted but prospective industrial branches.     

Blutkreislauf und Dreieinigkeit. Medizinischer Antitrinitarismus von Michael Servet (1511–1553) bis Giorgio Biandrata (1515–1588)

This paper centers on the relationship between renaissance medicine and antitrinitarianism forming an important part of the radical reformation in 16th century. Antitrinitarians denied the theological concept of the triune Christian God. Modern antitriniarianism was first formulated by Michael Servetus, a Spanish physician. The doctrine soon won disciples in northern Italy (Padua, Pisa, Rome) and in some countries of eastern central Europe (Poland, Moravia, Transylvania). Physicians who believed in or sympathized with antitrinitarianism revolutionized the theory of blood flow. They developed new concepts leading to Harvey's theory of the circulation of the blood. Parts of Servet's theory looked like Paracelsus's mystical idea of the eternal flesh of the body of Christ (Latin limbus aeternus), but later the medicine and natural philosophy of antitrinitarian physicians tended to be empiristic, rational and sometimes materialistic. They contributed heavily to the diffusion and physiological foundation of antitrinitarian concepts like unitarianism, tolerance and irenism.     

MINERALOGY OF BOHEMIAN GREEN EARTH PIGMENT AND ITS MICROANALYTICAL EVIDENCE IN HISTORICAL PAINTINGS

While the most famous historical green earth deposits in Italy and Cyprus were exceptionally rich in celadonite, the deposits near Kadaň, Czech Republic, consisted of thin Fe‐rich celadonite impregnations accompanied by interstratified celadonite/smectite. In superimposed tuffs, smectites become prevalent and their colour changes from forest to olive green. Powder X‐ray microdiffraction and infrared microspectroscopy permit us to distinguish between green earth minerals in microsamples taken from works of art. The Ti contents and the Fe/Mg ratios help to indicate the presence of Bohemian green earth from Kadaň. We found this material in local 18th‐century works of art and also in paintings by Anton Kern (1709–47).     

Protective Structures for the Preservation of Medieval Buildings and their Remains: Case Studies from Monastery Hilandar and Mount Athos

The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for temporary protective structures, that is, the guidelines for planning, design, and implementation of future protective structures. The basic method of this paper was the observation and analyses of temporary protective structures as well as the evaluation of the results achieved in implementation of these rules in completed structures, within the Hilandar Monastery complex on Mount Athos, in Greece. Mount Athos was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its cultural and natural values. The Holy Mount Athos is a unique monastic complex in the world and only males are allowed past the entrance. Having performed the evaluation of certain types of temporary protective structures, the given results were offered as recommendation for their design and implementation. The most significant accomplishment of this paper is verification of the designed, calculated, and completed protective structures through practical application within the Hilandar Monastery complex, in accordance with all the factors of site management.     

Simulation of Shake Table Tests on Out-of-Plane Masonry Buildings. Part (III): Two-Step FEM Approach

ABSTRACT

This article presents numerical simulations of two full-scale masonry structures which were tested on the shaking table within the scope of the workshop “Methods and challenges on the out-of-plane assessment of existing masonry buildings”. The numerical models have been developed on the basis of the blind-prediction models which have been improved after the publication of the test results. The solution procedure is divided into two steps with separate numerical simulations for each one. In the first step the collapse mechanism of the structure is determined by means of pushover analysis using a continuum, plasticity-based model. In the second step the dynamic response of the structure is simulated using a multibody model approach and frictional contacts. Results of the tests show reasonable, yet far from perfect predictive capabilities of the used numerical methods.