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61.
Andreas W. Daum 《Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte》2010,33(2):214-215
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Florian Ströbele Thomas Wenzel Andreas Kronz Ludwig H. Hildebrandt Gregor Markl 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(3):191-215
Here, we present detailed electron microprobe analyses and age data of high-medieval lead–silver smelting slags. The mineral
composition data provide a database of all silicate and oxide phases in the slag. Bulk chemistry as well as mineral composition
is used to reconstruct liquidus, solidus, and viscosity of the slag melt. By calculating the mass balance of the smelting
process, a mass ratio of the various compounds used in the smelting process is determined. Through this we were able to discriminate
qualitatively between non-ferrous metal smelting slags and bloomery slags. We also report a new type and process of silver
production in which argentiferous galmei (zinc carbonate) was used as a main silver ore together with galena. The results
indicate a sophisticated high-medieval smelting technology, in which a slag with a low liquidus and a low viscosity was created. 相似文献
63.
This article1 investigates public opinion on New Zealand's foreign policy, drawing on the findings of a comprehensive poll of general public and elite opinion conducted in 2008. It analyses what New Zealanders think about a range of foreign policy issues and whether public opinion matches actual foreign policy. It argues that the majority of the public support the broad parameters of official policy, but that there are significant differences of opinion in some specific areas, particularly trade agreements and defence. These differences correspond in particular to political orientation and age, gender and income level. The article also outlines the key differences between public opinion and the opinion of the positional elite. Overall, it is argued that the New Zealand public does have clear opinions on foreign policy issues and that these are generally consistent. The article proposes more frequent polling and more public debate over foreign policy. 相似文献
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Andreas Hess 《Nations & Nationalism》2014,20(1):185-190
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Andreas Woyke 《Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte》2008,31(1):58-67
Reflections about an embedding of nanotechnology in a continuum of the history of science and technology. Nanotechnology is not a completely new technology, we can rather understand it as a continuation and extension of chemical technology. Along this line, it is not only problematic to characterize nanotechnology as a new ‘key technology’ but also the definition of nanotechnology as looking at a particular causality between properties and dimensions of materials seems hardly new. For embedding nanotechnology in such a greater historical context, the development of colloid chemistry at the beginning of the 20th century by Richard Zsigmondy and Wolfgang Ostwald is shown as an important reference point. Modern theories of supramolecular chemistry as those constituted by Jean‐Marie Lehn and others refer to this line of research in colloid chemistry and lead currently to scientific foundations of some nanotechnological fields. The historical embedding of nanotechnology can hence be used as a contribution for a more realistic evaluation of the technological possibilities as well as for a critical estimation of technological visions. 相似文献
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Andreas Angourakis Matthieu Salpeteur Verònica Martínez Ferreras Josep M. Gurt Esparraguera 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2017,24(4):1177-1202
Following a strictly theory-building approach, we developed an agent-based simulation model, the Nice Musical Chairs model, to represent the competition between groups of stakeholders of farming and herding activities in the arid Afro-Eurasia. The model deepens the questions raised by the results of our former model, the Musical Chairs model, and further introduces three socio-economic mechanisms, which modulate the behavior and performance of stakeholders and their groups. First, we define land use pairing as the awarding, regarding productivity, of any direct cooperation between farming and herding within a group. Second, group management is modeled as the prerogative of a group leadership to manage stakeholders to pursue a particular proportion between farming and herding. Third, we introduce restricted access to pasture as the engagement in territorial control of rangelands in opposition to an open access regime. An exhaustive exploration of scenarios and parameters placed the control over rangelands as the most significant factor in the formation of land use patterns, followed by land use management. While the effect of land use pairing is mild in comparison, it is still a significant factor in group selection and thus in the persistence of particular land use patterns in the long run. 相似文献