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51.
Kenneth Ritchie Anne Karin Hufthammer Knut Andreas Bergsvik 《Environmental Archaeology》2016,21(4):309-316
Recent excavations at two rockshelters (Olsteinhelleren and Sævarhelleren) on the Hardanger fjord in Western Norway have provided an unparalleled opportunity to examine the Mesolithic subsistence economy of this region. Thousands of fish remains (as well as numerous mammal and bird bones) have been analysed from these assemblages. Results show that the fishery was dominated by gadids, but labrids and salmonids were also important. Many other fish were present in small quantities, including the first specimen of sturgeon from the Stone Age of Norway. The transition to a more specialised fishery at the younger site, Olsteinhelleren, may be a reflection of a switch to the use of this locality as a logistic camp for the targeting of gadid fish. 相似文献
52.
Tori Falck Sarah Fawsitt Andreas Kerr 《International Journal of Nautical Archaeology》2016,45(2):310-330
In 2006, during the Immersed Tunnel Project in the harbour of Oslo, Norway, a c.9.4 m‐long boat was discovered. The boat was found in the area historically known as Sørenga, and was named Sørenga 7, following six other finds in the area excavated from the early 1970s to the 1990s. The boat was documented digitally piece by piece, and a scale model was made in cardboard and polyamide. The deposition of the boat in the transition between the 17th and 18th centuries focuses attention on life in the early modern harbour of Christiania (Oslo). 相似文献
53.
Silver production at al‐Radrad: archaeometallurgical analysis of ore,slag and technical ceramics from early medieval Yemen 下载免费PDF全文
Stephen Merkel Andreas Hauptmann Thomas Kirnbauer Florian Téreygeol 《Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy》2016,27(1):107-126
The zinc‐lead‐silver deposit of al‐Jabali, about 65 km north‐east of Sana'a in Yemen, has been identified as the location of the late antique/Islamic period silver mine al‐Radrad. Exploitation of the mine is known from the account of al‐Hamdani, an Arab geographer of the tenth century AD. The al‐Jabali area has been the focus of geological and archaeometallurgical surveys, and extensive metallurgical remains have been discovered. Samples of ore, slag and technical ceramics were collected for archaeometallurgical analysis. The technology of silver production is discussed in relation to the historical record, and elemental and lead isotope characterisation of ore and slag provides a basis for future provenance studies. 相似文献
54.
Moritz Jansen Andreas Hauptmann Sabine Klein Hans-Michael Seitz 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2018,10(6):1485-1502
Copper isotope ratios differ between hypogene sulfidic, supergene sulfidic and oxidized ore sources. Traditional lead isotope signatures of ancient metals are specific to deposits, while Cu isotope signatures are specific to the types of ore minerals used for metal production in ancient times. Two methodological case studies are presented: First, the mining district of Faynan (Jordan) was investigated. Here, mainly oxidized copper ores occur in the deposits. The production of copper from Fayan’s ore sources is confirmed by the measurement of the Cu isotope signature of ingots from the Early Bronze Age metal workshop from Khirbat Hamra Ifdan. Based on our results illustrating differences in the Cu isotope composition between the ore mineralizations from Timna (Israel) and Faynan, it is now possible to determine these prehistoric mining districts from which copper artifacts originated by combining trace elements and Pb isotopes with Cu isotopes. The second case study presents data on Late Bronze Age copper production in Cyprus. Oxhide ingots from the shipwreck of Uluburun (Turkey) were tested for their lead isotope signatures and assigned to Cypriot deposits in the recent decades. The oxhide ingots from Uluburun show a Cu isotope signature which we also found for oxidized copper ores from Cyprus, while younger oxhide ingots as well as metallurgical slag from the Cypriot settlements Kition and Enkomi show a different signature which might be due to the use of sulfidic ore sources from a greater depth of deposits. We assert that there could be a chronological shift from oxidized to sulfidic ore sources for the copper production in Cyprus, requiring different technologies. Therefore, Cu isotopes can be used as a proxy to reconstruct mining and induced smelting activities in ancient times. 相似文献
55.
Andreas Bock-Raming 《Indo-Iranian Journal》1990,33(4):241-257
Contrary to those similes which are constructed with the particles of comparison iva and yath, the samsopam has scarcely been investigated so far. Only M.-C. Porcher in her monograph titled Figures de Style en Sanskrit. Théories des Alamkrastra. Analyse de Poèmes de Vnkatdhvarin, Paris 1978, has dealt with this kind of upam separately. There are, however, no detailed investigations with respect to the use of the samsopam in the early kvya-literature. The samsopams occurring in avaghosa's Saundarananda and his Buddhacarita can generally be divided into the following categories:
The use of the samsopam in the S. and the B. shows some striking peculiarities: In a large number of occurrences they are connected with the abdlamkras anuprsa and ltnuprsa. Furthermore, they are often found in close vicinity to each other or occur together with the similes yath and iva which leads to a certain cumulative effect. Although in many instances the use of the s. in both kvyas can be described as rather conventional and stereotyped, there are some striking differences between the S. and the Sanskrit text of the B. In the latter kvya the number of s. of each category is twice or even thrice as large as in the respective categories in the S. Moreover, it can be shown that in the B. Avaghosa strives to make use of more ornate and elaborate forms of samsopam. Examples are a lesa-upam in B. 5,37a, and two compounds in B. 5,26b and d which are at the same time yathsamkhyas. 相似文献
1. | Compounds ending in an adjective like sama, tulya etc.: they are characterized by the omission of the common property. |
2. | Tatpurusa-compounds which are constructed according to Pnini II,1,55; they include the common property but have no particle of comparison. |
3. | Compounds of the type upamna + sama, tulya etc. + upameya; these compounds are characterized by the omission of the sdharmya. |
4. | bahuvrhi-compounds with the upamna as the first, the sdharmya as the second and the upameya as the third member. |
5. | bahuvrhi-compounds containing the upamna and the upameya only. |
6. | bahuvrhi-compounds constructed according to Ktyyana's Vrttika, in which three elements of which a simile consists are missing: the sdharmya, the particle of comparison and the upamna. |
56.
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58.
Andreas W. Daum 《Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte》2010,33(2):214-215
59.
Florian Ströbele Thomas Wenzel Andreas Kronz Ludwig H. Hildebrandt Gregor Markl 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(3):191-215
Here, we present detailed electron microprobe analyses and age data of high-medieval lead–silver smelting slags. The mineral
composition data provide a database of all silicate and oxide phases in the slag. Bulk chemistry as well as mineral composition
is used to reconstruct liquidus, solidus, and viscosity of the slag melt. By calculating the mass balance of the smelting
process, a mass ratio of the various compounds used in the smelting process is determined. Through this we were able to discriminate
qualitatively between non-ferrous metal smelting slags and bloomery slags. We also report a new type and process of silver
production in which argentiferous galmei (zinc carbonate) was used as a main silver ore together with galena. The results
indicate a sophisticated high-medieval smelting technology, in which a slag with a low liquidus and a low viscosity was created. 相似文献
60.
This article1 investigates public opinion on New Zealand's foreign policy, drawing on the findings of a comprehensive poll of general public and elite opinion conducted in 2008. It analyses what New Zealanders think about a range of foreign policy issues and whether public opinion matches actual foreign policy. It argues that the majority of the public support the broad parameters of official policy, but that there are significant differences of opinion in some specific areas, particularly trade agreements and defence. These differences correspond in particular to political orientation and age, gender and income level. The article also outlines the key differences between public opinion and the opinion of the positional elite. Overall, it is argued that the New Zealand public does have clear opinions on foreign policy issues and that these are generally consistent. The article proposes more frequent polling and more public debate over foreign policy. 相似文献