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81.
María Jimena Franco Mariana Brea Ana María Zavattieri 《Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Paleontology》2013,37(1):8-23
The first Miocene records of silicified fossil woods from the Mariño Formation, Potrerillos area, Andes Precordillera, Mendoza province, Argentina are described. Rhaphithamnoxylon artabeae gen. et sp. nov. is described as the first fossil wood referable to Verbenaceae from Argentina. This new fossil species is related to extant Rhaphithamnus Miers, sharing the following anatomical features: diffuse porosity, distinct growth ring boundaries, numerous small to very small vessels, commonly in radial multiples, 1–3 seriate rays, and heterocellular and scarce paratracheal axial parenchyma. Rhaphithamnus contains only two extant species: R. spinosus (A.L. Juss.) Moldenke, which occurs in the Valdivian forests of Chile and Argentina, and R. venustus (Philippi) Robinson, which is endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands. Representatives of Verbenaceae are distributed predominantly in the Americas from Patagonia (Argentina) to Canada, and they are inferred to have originated in South America. The fossil wood described herein provides new age and geographical constraints on the raphithanoid lineage within Verbenaceae. Other fossil woods recorded from the Mariño level are retained under open nomenclature, as they possess a combination of mostly solitary broad vessels, and smaller vessels in radial multiples or in clusters, with numerous, vasicentric to confluent axial parenchyma, and heterocellular, high rays. Thus, they have features akin to dicotyledonous lianas or vine-like or small shrub species. 相似文献
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Stephen T. Driscoll 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(3):442-462
Historical archaeology as practiced in Scotland is divergent from the mainstream tradition of historical archaeology/post-medieval
archaeology that dominates North America and the English-speaking world. Cultural and historical forces have shaped an historical
archaeology with a deeper time depth, which extends back into the Middle Ages. It also focuses on different subjects reflecting
the political concerns associated with Scottish national identity. Examples drawn from Glasgow’s history are used to illustrate
the distinctiveness of the Scottish tradition and how it is evolving. I argue that one of its strengths of Scottish historical
archaeology is that it provides a corrective contrast to the subjects and approaches which dominate historical archaeology
in the English-speaking world. 相似文献
84.
Akira Matsuda 《Archaeologies》2010,6(3):447-467
Context permitting, should public archaeologists allow “archaeologically incorrect” accounts of the past? In this paper I discuss this question through a case study based on the experience of myself and my colleagues at the excavation of the Villa of Augustus in Somma Vesuviana, Italy. In 2003 and 2004, we became aware that some visitors to the excavation interpreted the site by reference to a legend of the tunnel of Queen Giovanna, which had existed in Somma Vesuviana over the centuries. Although initially interested in this phenomenon, we soon realised that we needed to make certain judgements as to how to respond to local people asking whether the tunnel had been discovered in the excavation. We presented two different ways of interpreting the site, one based on archaeology and the other on the legend, and both as equally meaningful, while at the same time stressing what we as archaeologists believed, based on what we had found. In this process we decided to adhere to the principles of archaeology, even in embracing the multivocality of material remains. 相似文献
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Lynn Harris 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(1):17-35
Southern shipyards, like Hobcaw and Mars Bluff, were established at locations chosen primarily for convenient access to transportation
networks, building materials, clientele and labour. The historical record reveals a home front role played by local plantation
owners and slaves as shipyard labour. Women served as project fundraisers, shipyard dilettantes, shipwright’s wives and possibly
slave mistresses with a paucity of material culture to confirm their presence in the archaeological record. Archaeological
investigations on land and underwater yield evidence of artefacts associated with diet, shipbuilding, warfare and ethnicity. 相似文献
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Zhijun Zhao 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(2):99-105
China was one of the major centers for the origin of agriculture in the world. The origins of agriculture in China, especially
the origin of rice agriculture, made a significant contribution not only to the occurrence of Chinese civilization but also
to the development of world history. Recently, the study on the origin of rice agriculture has attracted the attention of
the academic community due to the dramatic development of archaeobotanical research in China. In recent years, the flotation
technique has widely implemented in archaeological excavations in China. As the result, a tremendous amount of plant remains
have been recovered from archaeological sites, including those much related to the study of early rice agriculture. The new
data provide direct archaeological evidence for, and raise some new issues about, the origin of rice agriculture in China.
For example, the rice remains from the Shangshan site, dated to ca. 10,000 cal. B.P., suggest the beginning of rice cultivation
regardless of whether that rice was domesticated or not. The quantitative analysis of plant remains recovered by floatation
from the Jiahu site, dated to ca. 8,000 cal. B.P., revealed that the subsistence of the Jiahu people mainly relied on fishing/hunting/gathering,
while the products of rice cultivation and animal husbandry were only a supplement to their diet. The ongoing excavation,
with floatation and water-sieving, at the Tianluoshan site, dated to 6,000 to 7,000 cal. B.P., suggests that rice farming,
though important, was only part of a broader subsistence pattern of the Hemudu Culture, and rice domestication culminated
after 6,500 B.P and the beginning of rice domestication remain unclear. 相似文献
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Matthew Pailes 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2017,25(4):373-420
This article surveys research in Northwest Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua), with an emphasis on the Early Agricultural period to the Late Prehistoric period. Middle range societies that are diverse in scale and organization characterize this region. Significant advancements in our understanding of these societies have been made in recent years, but substantial challenges remain in building interpretative frameworks that account for both regional diversity and incorporate macroscale interactions. Topics covered in this review include the adoption of agriculture, population movements, bases of social differentiation, and interactions between organizationally disparate groups. These issues demonstrate the relevance of the Northwest to research on the organization of middle range societies. 相似文献