敦煌石窟艺术研究的一把钥匙——郑炳林、沙武田《敦煌石窟艺术概论》读后

郑炳林教授与沙武田博士编著《敦煌石窟艺术概论》(以下均简称《概论》)一书于2005年8月由甘肃文化出版社出版.作为敦煌学两大主体之一的敦煌艺术研究与敦煌文献研究几乎是同步的.     

《学术批评丛稿》和实话实──兼谈学术书评的开展

《学术批评丛稿》是青年学者杨玉圣同志的一部兼有学术论文和学术评论的论文集,文集自始至终贯穿着实话实说的实事求是精神。科学、健康的学术批评,需要有求索真理、学术自由、学术平等和学术公正的精神。当前中国的学术书评数量上亟待充实、书评队伍需要扩大、书评质量有待提高、书评气氛亟需改善。     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学无损鉴定软玉产地的可行性研究

玉,在中国文化中一直具有崇高的地位。玉器产地是玉器文物研究、保护修复和真伪鉴定的重要依据。目前可用于软玉检测的方法虽然很多,但由于取样损伤文物、定量精度不足、数据分析复杂等问题的限制,难以广泛用于玉器文物产地鉴定。因此,本研究应用近红外光谱结合化学计量学无损检测新技术,对和田、青海、俄罗斯、韩国等产地的软玉样品进行了判别分析。结果表明,该方法不仅测试简单、数据处理方便,而且能够对有限的样品进行产地分类,用于玉器文物的材料产地鉴定是可行的。研究结果为玉器产地无损鉴定提供了一条新的思路。     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学无损鉴定书画印泥研究

印章是中国传统书画的重要组成部分,印章所用印泥的无损检测和对比研究,能为书画的鉴定和考证提供有益的信息。但中红外光谱、拉曼光谱等传统检测方法存在定量精度不高、不便检测大幅书画等不足。而近红外光谱结合化学计量学的新型分析技术,具有测试方便、安全无损、信息丰富、定量准确等独特优势。为了验证该技术用于书画印泥分析和鉴定的可行性,采用14种不同颜色、不同时期的印泥和5种纸、绢等用于盖印的载体进行测试、建模和验证。实验表明,该技术不仅能实现印泥的准确识别,还可用于年代判断和颜色辨别。适当的差谱处理,可在有效排除纸、绢等载体信号的同时保持足够的印泥光谱精度。     

浅析大学生宿舍盗窃案件成因及对策

宿舍是大学生学习、生活的重要场所,是高校安全工作的重要组成部分。学生公寓的安全与否,直接影响着校园的稳定。本文简要分析了大学生宿舍盗窃案件频发的原因,并针对存在的问题提出了一些预防和减少此类案件发生的措施。     

“剔除学政十弊”:清初学政积弊与考核制度

明清各省特设学政,职掌学校政令,作为沟通科举与学校的枢纽。由于学政责专权重,易滋流弊,直接影响到国家抡才大典与官场风纪,因此,清初统治者为整饬各省学政积弊,在建立和完善学政考核制度上不断努力,经过从解卷磨勘到督抚纠参的转变,逐渐确立起"剔除学政十弊"的制度,作为考核学政的重要依据,并辅以加罚苦差等惩戒措施,对于整顿清初吏治、收复天下士心,以及澄叙铨选、保证科举与学校选拔人才的公正公平,发挥了重要作用。     

Seismic vulnerability assessment methodology for slender masonry structures

ABSTRACT

Slender masonry structures such as towers, minarets, chimneys, and Pagoda temples can be characterized by their distinguished architectural characteristics, age of construction, and original function, but their comparable geometric and structural ratios yield to the definition of an autonomous structural type. These structures constitute a part of the architectural and cultural heritage. Their protection against earthquakes is of great importance. This concern arises from the strong damage or complete loss suffered by these structures during past earthquakes. Seismic vulnerability assessment is an issue of most importance at present time and is a concept widely used in works related to the protection of buildings. However, there is few research works carried out on developing the seismic vulnerability assessment tools for such structures.

This article presents a new method for assessing the seismic vulnerability of slender masonry structures based on vulnerability index evaluation method. The calculated vulnerability index can then be used to estimate structural damage after a specified intensity of a seismic event. Here, 12 parameters are defined to evaluate the vulnerability index for slender masonry structures. Implementation of this methodology is carried out in different types of slender masonry structures to develop vulnerability curves for these structure types.     

Simplified Macro-Model for Infill Masonry Panels

In structural analyses, masonry infill walls are commonly considered to be non structural elements. However, the response of reinforced concrete buildings to earthquake loads can be substantially affected by the influence of infill walls. In this article, an improved numerical model for the simulation of the behavior of masonry infill walls subjected to earthquake loads is proposed and analyzed. First, the proposed model is presented. This is an upgrading of the equivalent bi-diagonal compression strut model, commonly used for the nonlinear behavior of infill masonry panels subjected to cyclic loads. Second, the main results of the calibration analyses obtained with two series of experimental tests are presented and discussed: one on a single frame with one story and one bay tested at the LNEC Laboratory; and the second, on a full-scale four story and three-bay frame tested at the ELSA laboratory.     

文物中蜡类材料的热裂解-气相色谱/质谱识别

为识别文物中蜡质原材料,以及文物保护修复工作中常用蜡类材料的类别,研究通过在线甲基化热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用技术对蜂蜡、棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、地蜡、石蜡等蜡类材料进行分析检测。研究发现:蜂蜡的主要裂解产物为直链烷烃、直链脂肪酸、直链醇、含羟基脂肪酸;棕榈蜡为直链醇、直链脂肪酸、脂肪酸衍生物;小烛树蜡为直链烷烃、直链脂肪酸、直链醇、羽扇豆醇及其衍生物、计曼尼醇及其衍生物、脂肪酸衍生物;地蜡、石蜡等矿物蜡的主要裂解产物为直链烷烃。不同蜡中裂解产物的种类及其相对含量分布规律均有所区别,因此通过在线甲基化热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用技术可以实现不同种类蜡的区分。通过所建立的方法及总结的数据,研究推断故宫旧藏清代紫檀木边座嵌玉人鸂鶒木山水图插屏中镶嵌珐琅构件所用棕色蜡为蜂蜡,所用白色蜡为矿物蜡及少量蜂蜡。本研究所建立方法易于推广,适用于文物中蜡类材料的准确、快速识别。