试析非洲华人报刊的历史演变与社会功能

本文从历史的角度对非洲的华人报刊进行类型分析 ,并探讨华文传媒的社会文化功能。非洲华人报刊的历史大致可以分为四个阶段 ,即 1895— 192 0年代 ,1930— 194 5年 ,194 6—1960年代和 1970年代以后。影响非洲华人报刊发展主要有三种因素 :居留地区或国家的有关政策 ,当地华侨华人的境况和中国的政治局势。这些报刊的演变有一个由少到多 ,再由多到少的过程。报刊的语言经历了从中文到双语再从双语到中文的过程。在其他条件相同的情况下 ,保持中立是华人报刊维持的因素。最后 ,从目前情况看 ,报刊的发行有私人化和独立化的倾向。     

Views from below on the pro-poor growth challenge: the case of rural Rwanda

This article focuses on the Rwandan peasantry to confirm how "views from below" can contribute to a better understanding of the "pro-poor" growth challenge. Based on micro-level evidence gathered in 2007, it examines local peasants' perceptions of the characteristics and degree of poverty for different socioeconomic categories (i.e., peasant groups). It looks at the various opportunities and constraints that influence the potential of these categories or groups for social mobility and their capacity to participate in growth strategies. Further, it considers how local peasants perceive specific policy measures in the Rwandan government's "pro-poor" rural strategies. Their insights could inspire Rwandan policymakers and supporting donors to redirect their efforts toward distribution-oriented growth strategies.     

河南博物院展室空调滤网吸附灰尘的分析

博物馆环境中的粉尘对文物有不利的影响,需了解其成分和来源,为文物的保存环境的选择提供科学的数据。为此,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等手段对河南博物院空调滤网上的粉尘进行了成分分析和形貌分析。分析结果显示,粉尘包括无机的硅酸盐物质和各种纤维。分析结果说明,博物馆展室这样的人工环境中仍然含有对文物有危害的因素,而空调措施对去除粉尘具有一定的作用。     

Etched (carnelian) beads from northeast and southeast Arabia

Etched beads from northeast and southeast Arabia are usually not cited in connection with east-west trade, because they remain unknown to most scholars. There is ample evidence, however, from sites on the Arabian shores of the Persian Gulf that the region participated in active trade during several periods. Etched beads are one of the commodities testifying to the existence of maritime links. A high percentage of the etched beads found belong to the Early Bronze Age and the Pré-islamique récent (PIR)-period, although other periods are also represented.     

试论二战后韩国对日索赔要求的演变

第二次世界大战后,朝鲜人民从其摆脱日本殖民统治之日起,向日本政府、日本殖民统治机构及日本人,提出了对朝鲜及朝鲜人民造成的损失进行补偿或赔偿的要求。在清算殖民统治及战争损失的过程中,南朝鲜民众和韩国政府始终彻底否定日本的殖民统治。但由于受冷战及美国对日政策转变的影响,韩国的对日索赔要求逐渐后退,从一开始的战胜国对战败国的赔偿要求,后退为“为了恢复因暴力与贪欲而造成的损失与受害必然使其履行的义务”或补偿,进而又后退到“为挽回和恢复所蒙受的牺牲而提出的公正的、理性的合理要求”。     

蒙古匈奴贵族墓地初步研究

The present paper makes an introduction to the current situation of researches on the Xiongnu culture(3rdBC to AD3rd centuries) existing in Mongolia.Among the international research institutions participating in Xiongnu archaeological excavations,the Franco-Mongolian Collaborative Archaeological Team drew great attention for its excavation and study of the Gaolemaodu aristocratic graveyard.By analyzing the natural environments,tombs and important funeral objects of the graveyard,the authors try their best t...     

小鲁里出土稻米是否是最古老的驯化稻

小鲁里旧石器史前遗址位于韩国中部的忠北清原郡（图一）。在发掘结果中关于泥炭层中出土的稻米遗存已经在1999和2002年在中国进行了两次讨论。在2002年12月,中国学者严文明、王象坤和袁家荣参观了小鲁里遗址,并参加了由小鲁里遗址发掘者李隆助教授组织的研讨会。     

Spatial and temporal variety of prehistoric human settlement and its influencing factors in the upper Yellow River valley,Qinghai Province,China

We report an investigation of forty-two prehistoric sites in the upper Yellow River valley located in Guide, Jianzha, Hualong, Xunha and Minhe, Qinghai Province, China, including forty-four new radiocarbon dates from twenty-four sites, review published archaeological surveys and radiocarbon dates, analyze landform features and discuss the reasons for spatial and temporal variety of regional prehistoric human settlement. Our results suggest that people occupied the upper Yellow River valley during the early Holocene, but a continuous archaeological record begins only after about 5500 Cal yr BP. Thereafter, the intensity of prehistoric human settlement in the area is varied. Neolithic human settlement spread northwestward to high altitude areas of the upper Yellow River valley during early-mid Majiayao and Qijia periods, but moved southeastward to lower locations in the area during late Majiayao period. During the Bronze period, two coeval archaeological cultures, the Kayue and Xindian, occupied the upper Yellow River Region. Kayue archaeological sites are numerous and widely distributed in the high areas of the upper Yellow River, while Xindian sites are restricted to the lowest basin of the region. Variation in site density and location are likely the result of changing paleoclimate and technology.