日俄战后日本农村的报德运动

幕末为挽救农村的危机而由二宫尊德创立的报德运动,在明治维新后持续的农村疲敝中,由他的弟子一直继承下来。特别是在日俄战后的地方改良运动中,报德运动从自发的民间组织的行为变成了内务省主导下的运动,报德思想也成了地方改良运动的指导理念。     

吉田茂内阁对华政策的成因探析

吉田茂是日本现代著名的外交家,政治家,二战以后曾五次担任首相,掌日本政坛帅印达七年之久,吉田茂为战后日本民主政治的建立和发展,日本经济的腾飞做出了卓越贡献,本文从分析吉田内阁对华政策入,着重剖析其内外成因,了解和把握其对当代中日关系的制约和影响,并试图对作为政治家的吉田茂和作为外交家的吉田茂的不同与关联进行探讨。     

Empirical Formulation for Estimating the Fundamental Frequency of Slender Masonry Structures

The fundamental frequency of a structure enables better assessment of its seismic demand for an efficient design and planning of its maintenance and retrofit strategy. The frequency is independent of the type of external loads, however, depends on structural stiffness, mass, damping and boundary conditions. In the case of slender masonry structures such as towers, minarets chimneys, and pagoda temples, it is influenced by mass and stiffness distribution, connection to adjacent structures, material properties, aspect ratio and slenderness ratio. In this present article, the data collected from various literature reviews on the slender masonry structures regarding dynamic, geometrical, and mechanical characteristics have been correlated to identify the major parameters influencing the fundamental frequency of such structures. The database has been used for developing an empirical formulation for predicting the fundamental frequency of such structures. The comparison between the experimental fundamental frequencies and the estimated fundamental frequencies are carried out in order to define reliability and accuracy of these empirical formulae.     

Osteological evidence for the draught exploitation of cattle: first applications of a new methodology

Although the aetiology of bone pathologies in cattle is poorly documented, various deformations in the skeleton have been attributed to draught exploitation in the archaeozoological literature. This paper summarizes the results of an osteological study that was undertaken on the feet of modern draught oxen. This led to the definition of a series of draught‐related anomalies. In an attempt to describe the pathologies in a more consistent and quantitative way, a scoring scale for each individual bone pathology was established. The developed method is applied to cattle remains from four Roman and one late medieval site. The distribution of the observed pathological indices (PIs) on the first phalanges is interpreted in terms of the age structure of the cattle populations, and the possible modes of cattle exploitation and meat consumption in various settlement types. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北部湾与中国近代海界问题

本根据历史事实对北部湾问题及中国近代海界问题进行了分析,提出了一些值得进一步探讨的观点。认为在历史上海界的概念至少包括以下方面,由自然洋流不同流向划分出的不同海域,自然洋流不具有主权意义;由岛屿、沙洲群划分出的海域,作为界限的岛屿、沙洲群也不具有主权意义;由军事防区划分出的不同海域,其界限都以岛屿群、沙洲群为识别标志。     

燕园怀旧两篇

一、裴文中先生与史前陈列馆 中国史前考古学的奠基人、北京猿人头盖骨化石的发现者裴文中先生（１９０４年～１９８２年）,于２０世纪４０年代曾两度应聘到燕京大学历史系任教,讲授史前考古学,并筹建史前陈列馆。这在中国考古学史上,也是富有历史意义的两件创举,今就这两个方面作一些记述。 裴先生于１９４０年秋季到校,在历史系讲授史前考古学,这是他从法国留学归来后的首次开设,在我国大学课程中也是首创。听课人数较多,主要有两位代表：一位是成思元先生（毕业后在成都华西大学博物馆任职,已去世）;另一位是我国著名考古学家…     

干旱区流域经济分析的初步研究

本文在阐述流域经济概念的基础上,分析了在我国进行干旱区流域经济研究的重要意义。详细分析了我国干旱区流域经济的一般特征,即:生态环境状况与经济发展水平的错位,流域经济发展面临严重的生态退化问题,流域经济中心在历史上发生了变迁和流域经济的简单性等。指出干旱区流域经济实质上是干旱区流域生态经济。最后提出了干旱区流域经济应开展的重点研究内容。     

中国早期黄金制品的考古学研究

一引言黄金系人类较早利用的金属之一。它的出现稍迟于红铜和青铜,但早于白银。在金属中质料最为柔软。黄金比重19.32,硬度2.5-3,熔点1063C。因此它不像铜、铁那样,能够制造实用的兵器或工具。由于它本身的美观珍贵,光泽耐久不变,具有延展的特性,并易于加工,所以从上古以来便在世界范围内被视作神秘的贵重物品,主要用在装饰方面,或作为财富、权力的象征以及货币流通的价值尺度。